Transfusion-Transmissible Infections among Voluntary Blood Donors at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia

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Abstract

Background. Transfusion-transmissible infections, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis are among the greatest threats to blood safety and pose a serious public health problem. Objective. To determine the magnitude of blood borne infections among blood donors at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital. Methods and Materials. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 10/11/2015 up to 10/12/2015. 390 donors were consecutively included and data on donor's age, sex, blood type, and serum screening results were obtained by structured questionnaire and laboratory investigation. The collected data were entered into Epi Data version 1.4 and then exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Result. The seroprevalence of blood borne pathogens is 29.5% of which HCV, HBV, HIV, and syphilis account for 8.5%, 9.5%, 6.4%, and 7.5%, respectively. Multiple infections were observed among 2.8% of the infected individuals. In addition, age ≥ 30 has a significant association with HCV. Conclusion. Significantly higher prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections was identified from blood donors and they remain to be the greatest threat to blood safety, so comprehensive screening of donors' blood for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis using standard methods is highly recommended to ensure the safety of blood recipient.

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Report on the global AIDS epidemic

(2004)

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Sero-epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and syphilis infections among first-time blood donors in Edéa, Cameroon.

Jean Jacques N Noubiap, Walburga Yvonne A Joko, Jobert Richie N Nansseu … (2013)

Blood safety remains an issue of major concern in transfusion medicine in sub-Saharan Africa. Blood-borne agents such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum are among the greatest threats to blood safety for the recipient. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HIV, HCV, HBV, and syphilis infections among first-time blood donors at the new hospital-based blood bank in Edéa, Cameroon. We carried out a retrospective analysis of blood donor data recorded between December 2011 and May 2012 at the blood bank of the Edéa Regional Hospital. Antibodies to HIV types 1 and 2 were screened with the Determine and ImmunoComb tests. Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies to HCV were detected using DIASpot test strips. Syphilis was diagnosed using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA). A total of 543 blood donors were included, among whom 349 (64.3%) were family replacement donors. One hundred and fifteen donors (21.2%) were infected with at least one pathogen. The overall seroprevalence rates of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis were 4.1%, 10.1%, 4.8%, and 5.7%, respectively. We found a total of 26 dual infections. The most common combinations were HBV-HCV and HBV-HIV. There was a significant association between HIV and HBV infections (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.46, 95% CI 1.29-9.39; p=0.014), and between HBV and HCV infections (aOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.02-10.12; p=0.036). Compared to voluntary donors, family replacement donors were significantly more infected by at least one screened pathogen (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.14-2.88; p=0.013), and more infected specifically by HIV (aOR 3.66, 95% CI 1.07-12.55; p=0.039) and syphilis (aOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.05-7.46; p=0.039). Our findings indicate that blood safety remains a major problem in Cameroon where hospital-based blood banks and family replacement donors are predominant. There is an urgent need for a national blood transfusion program in Cameroon that will establish a nationally coordinated blood transfusion service based on the principles of voluntary regular non-remunerated blood donation. Copyright © 2012 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses and syphilis among blood donors in Koudougou (Burkina Faso) in 2009.

Mahamoudou Sanou, Alice Kiba, Jacques Simpore … (2011)

The high prevalence of numerous transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa affects the safety of blood for recipients. This study was undertaken with the aim of determining the seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, HBV, syphilis and socio-demographic risk factors associated with blood donation in a new regional blood transfusion centre in Burkina Faso. Sera samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HCV, HIV types 1 and 2 and to Treponema pallidum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR) respectively. All the reactive samples for HIV, HBsAg, and HCV were confirmed using a second enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Antibodies to Treponema pallidum were confirmed with a Treponema pallidum haemagglutination test (TPHA). From the total of 4,520 blood donors in 2009, 1,348 (29.82%) were infected with at least one pathogen and 149 (3.30%) had serological evidence of multiple infections. The overall seroprevalence rate of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis was 2.21%, 14.96%, 8.69% and 3.96%, respectively. Among blood donors with multiples infections, the most common dual or triple combinations were HBsAg-HCV (1.39%), HBsAg-syphilis (0.66%) and HBsAg-HCV-syphilis (0.11%). The highest prevalences of HBsAg and HIV were found among blood donors from rural areas and in the age groups of 20-29 years and >40 years old, respectively. HBV and HCV remain the greatest threats to blood safety in Burkina Faso. Strict selection and retention of voluntary, non-remunerated low-risk blood donors are recommended to improve blood safety in the regional blood transfusion centre of Koudougou.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol

Journal ID (publisher-id): CJIDMM

Title: The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale

Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation

ISSN (Print): 1712-9532

ISSN (Electronic): 1918-1493

Publication date (Print): 2016

Publication date (Electronic): 15 August 2016

Volume: 2016

Electronic Location Identifier: 8254343

Affiliations

¹School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia

²School of Public Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

³Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital Laboratory, P.O. Box 378, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia

⁴School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia

Author notes

*Fithamlak Solomon Bisetegen: fitha2007@ 123456yahoo.com

Academic Editor: Elisabetta Caselli

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Fithamlak Solomon Bisetegen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-9030

Article

DOI: 10.1155/2016/8254343

PMC ID: 5002453

PubMed ID: 27597875

SO-VID: e293e7d5-bae6-4196-a264-e8af685f9b91

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 24 February 2016

Date revision received : 5 July 2016

Date accepted : 14 July 2016

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Transfusion-Transmissible Infections among Voluntary Blood Donors at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia

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Most cited references 34

Report on the global AIDS epidemic

Sero-epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and syphilis infections among first-time blood donors in Edéa, Cameroon.

Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses and syphilis among blood donors in Koudougou (Burkina Faso) in 2009.

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