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      The Diverse Roles of Auxin in Regulating Leaf Development

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , *
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Plants
      Publisher: MDPI
      Keywords: auxin, leaf blade, auxin transport, patterning, auxin signaling, compound leaf

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          Abstract

          Leaves, the primary plant organs that function in photosynthesis and respiration, have highly organized, flat structures that vary within and among species. In recent years, it has become evident that auxin plays central roles in leaf development, including leaf initiation, blade formation, and compound leaf patterning. In this review, we discuss how auxin maxima form to define leaf primordium formation. We summarize recent progress in understanding of how spatial auxin signaling promotes leaf blade formation. Finally, we discuss how spatial auxin transport and signaling regulate the patterning of compound leaves and leaf serration.

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          Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant organ formation.

          Eva Benková, Marta Michniewicz, Michael Sauer … (2003)
          Plants, compared to animals, exhibit an amazing adaptability and plasticity in their development. This is largely dependent on the ability of plants to form new organs, such as lateral roots, leaves, and flowers during postembryonic development. Organ primordia develop from founder cell populations into organs by coordinated cell division and differentiation. Here, we show that organ formation in Arabidopsis involves dynamic gradients of the signaling molecule auxin with maxima at the primordia tips. These gradients are mediated by cellular efflux requiring asymmetrically localized PIN proteins, which represent a functionally redundant network for auxin distribution in both aerial and underground organs. PIN1 polar localization undergoes a dynamic rearrangement, which correlates with establishment of auxin gradients and primordium development. Our results suggest that PIN-dependent, local auxin gradients represent a common module for formation of all plant organs, regardless of their mature morphology or developmental origin.
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            Auxin Signaling.

            Ottoline Leyser (2017)
            Auxin acts as a general co-ordinator of plant growth and development, transferring information over both long and short ranges. Auxin famously appears to be extraordinarily multi-functional, with different cells responding very differently to changes in auxin levels. There has been considerable progress over recent years in understanding how this complexity is encoded in the cellular auxin response machinery. Of central importance is an elegantly short but versatile signaling pathway through which auxin triggers changes in gene expression. However, it is increasingly clear that this pathway is not sufficient to explain all auxin responses and other auxin signaling systems are emerging.
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              A novel sensor to map auxin response and distribution at high spatio-temporal resolution.

              Géraldine Brunoud, Darren M. Wells, Marina Oliva … (2012)
              Auxin is a key plant morphogenetic signal but tools to analyse dynamically its distribution and signalling during development are still limited. Auxin perception directly triggers the degradation of Aux/IAA repressor proteins. Here we describe a novel Aux/IAA-based auxin signalling sensor termed DII-VENUS that was engineered in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The VENUS fast maturing form of yellow fluorescent protein was fused in-frame to the Aux/IAA auxin-interaction domain (termed domain II; DII) and expressed under a constitutive promoter. We initially show that DII-VENUS abundance is dependent on auxin, its TIR1/AFBs co-receptors and proteasome activities. Next, we demonstrate that DII-VENUS provides a map of relative auxin distribution at cellular resolution in different tissues. DII-VENUS is also rapidly degraded in response to auxin and we used it to visualize dynamic changes in cellular auxin distribution successfully during two developmental responses, the root gravitropic response and lateral organ production at the shoot apex. Our results illustrate the value of developing response input sensors such as DII-VENUS to provide high-resolution spatio-temporal information about hormone distribution and response during plant growth and development.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Plants (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Plants (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plants
                Title: Plants
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2223-7747
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 July 2019
                Publication date Collection: July 2019
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 243
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
                [2 ]College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: yljiao@ 123456genetics.ac.cn
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1189-1676
                Article
                Publisher ID: plants-08-00243
                DOI: 10.3390/plants8070243
                PMC ID: 6681310
                PubMed ID: 31340506
                SO-VID: e28eaae2-71e1-47fb-898b-86fccb322224
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 30 June 2019
                Date accepted : 19 July 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: auxin,leaf blade,auxin transport,patterning,auxin signaling,compound leaf
                Data availability:
                Keywords: auxin, leaf blade, auxin transport, patterning, auxin signaling, compound leaf

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