Polymerase chain reaction detection of genes responsible for multiple antibiotic resistance  Staphylococcus aureus  isolated from food of animal origin in Egypt

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Abstract

Aim:

The aim of our study was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of the genes responsible for the multiple antibiotic resistance S. aureus isolated from food of animal origin in Egypt.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 125 samples were randomly collected from milk, meat, and their products from Giza and Beni-Suef Governorates markets. The S. aureus isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity tests using four antibacterial disks (Oxoid), and then the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for detection of antibiotic resistance genes.

Results:

Out of 125 samples, 19 S. aureus isolates were detected. All detected isolates were multiple drug resistance (MDR). The penicillin-, erythromycin-, kanamycin-, and tetracycline-resistant isolates were examined by PCR for resistance genes blaZ, ( msrA, ermB, and ermC), aac(6’)aph (2”), and tetK. The isolates harbored these resistance genes with percentage of 100% (100%, 0%, and 100%), 62.5%, and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Contaminated foods of animal origin may represent a source of MDR S. aureus that can be a major threat to public health.

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Most cited references 46

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Veterinary use and antibiotic resistance.

M Teuber (2001)

Globally, an estimated 50% of all antimicrobials serve veterinary purposes. Bacteria that inevitably develop antibiotic resistance in animals comprise food-borne pathogens, opportunistic pathogens and commensal bacteria. The same antibiotic resistance genes and gene transfer mechanisms can be found in the microfloras of animals and humans. Direct contact, food and water link animal and human habitats. The accumulation of resistant bacteria by the use of antibiotics in agriculture and veterinary medicine and the spread of such bacteria via agriculture and direct contamination are documented.

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The isolation of antibiotic-resistant salmonella from retail ground meats.

R Sudler, S Ayers, Lesley Meng … (2001)

Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant salmonella is associated with the use of antibiotics in animals raised for food; resistant bacteria can be transmitted to humans through foods, particularly those of animal origin. We identified and characterized strains of salmonella isolated from ground meats purchased in the Washington, D.C., area. Salmonella was isolated from samples of ground chicken, beef, turkey, and pork purchased at three supermarkets. The isolates were characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial-susceptibility testing, phage typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to identify resistance integrons and extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes. Of 200 meat samples, 41 (20 percent) contained salmonella, with a total of 13 serotypes. Eighty-four percent of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 53 percent were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Sixteen percent of the isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, the drug of choice for treating salmonellosis in children. Bacteriophage typing identified four isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104), one of DT104b, and two of DT208. Five isolates of S. enterica serotype agona had resistance to 9 antibiotics, and the two isolates of serotype typhimurium DT208 were resistant to 12 antibiotics. Electrophoretic patterns of DNA that were indistinguishable from one another were repeatedly found in isolates from different meat samples and different stores. Eighteen isolates, representing four serotypes, had integrons with genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and beta-lactams. Resistant strains of salmonella are common in retail ground meats. These findings provide support for the adoption of guidelines for the prudent use of antibiotics in food animals and for a reduction in the number of pathogens present on farms and in slaughterhouses. National surveillance for antimicrobial-resistant salmonella should be extended to include retail meats.

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The emergence of Staphylococcus aureus ST398.

Anthony Smith, N Pearson (2011)

The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has changed dramatically over the past 15 years. Initially a nosocomial pathogen, newly emergent strains of MRSA have become increasingly common in the community among individuals lacking contact with healthcare. More recently, a third group of MRSA strains have been identified in association with livestock, particularly swine. These strains, termed livestock-associated MRSA, have now been identified in Europe, North America, and Asia in humans and animals. One molecular type, ST398, has been the dominant strain of livestock-associated MRSA identified to date. The emergence of this strain in animals and humans will be described in this review, including colonization and clinical infections caused by this strain. We also discuss lingering research questions and implications for controlling spread of this bacterium in an agricultural environment and beyond.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Vet World

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Vet World

Title: Veterinary World

Publisher: Veterinary World (India )

ISSN (Print): 0972-8988

ISSN (Electronic): 2231-0916

Publication date (Print): October 2017

Publication date (Electronic): 09 October 2017

Volume: 10

Issue: 10

Pages: 1205-1211

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

[2 ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

Author notes

Corresponding author: A. A. Samy, e-mail: ayman_samy@ 123456hotmail.com Co-authors: FRE: frseedy@ 123456yahoo.com , HSHS: hala_saydh@ 123456yahoo.com , EAK: emankhairy_77@ 123456yahoo.com , AAK: vetaya.nrc@ 123456gmail.com

Article

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1205-1211

PMC ID: 5682265

PubMed ID: 29184366

SO-VID: e250b0df-b765-469a-bd22-c2a0290aea09

License:

Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Polymerase chain reaction detection of genes responsible for multiple antibiotic resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food of animal origin in Egypt

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Abstract

Aim:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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Most cited references 46

Veterinary use and antibiotic resistance.

The isolation of antibiotic-resistant salmonella from retail ground meats.

The emergence of Staphylococcus aureus ST398.

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