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      Una reflexión sobre la enseñanza de la literatura y una propuesta renovadora

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          Abstract

          Resumen En la literatura se encierra el alma más profunda de una comunidad, y a pesar de estar presente en todos los planes de estudios desde hace más de un siglo, no es realmente valorada por la mayoría de los alumnos, que la consideran una asignatura aburrida y poco útil, opinión que tiene bastante eco social, una vez que las asignaturas son valoradas mayoritariamente en función de su practicidad para un futuro laboral. Tras analizar diversos planes de estudio, tanto de la historia reciente de España, como de otras naciones del entorno (Francia, Portugal y Reino Unido), consideramos que una de las principales causas de este hecho es el criterio historicista aplicado desde siempre a su estudio. Frente a ello, proponemos como alternativa que la literatura debería estudiarse de una forma radicalmente distinta, adecuándose al nivel cognitivo y lingüístico del alumnado, así como a sus intereses lectores. Además, proponemos también que la literatura se estudie relacionándola directamente con los referentes familiares y sociales de los estudiantes, como representativa de los deseos, sueños y anhelos de cada generación, en lugar de como algo distante de su realidad cotidiana, por lo que las obras literarias de períodos muy alejados en el tiempo, no deberían ser su primera toma de contacto con la asignatura. Así, nuestra propuesta se basa en que la metodología historicista deje paso a otra enfocada en la creación de hábitos lectores, a través de una enseñanza de la literatura que la relaciona directamente con la contemporaneidad y el mundo en el que viven los estudiantes del siglo XXI.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Literature encloses the deepest soul of a community. Nevertheless, despite being present in all curricula for more than a century, it is not valued by students, who consider it a boring and unhelpful subject. This opinion has quite a social echo nowadays, when subjects are valued mainly based on their practicality for a future job. Through the analysis of several educational plans, developed in the 19th and 20th centuries in Spain and some neighbouring countries (France, Portugal and the United Kingdom), we suggest that one of the main causes of this fact is the historicist criterion. Faced with this, we propose that literature should be studied in a radically different way, adapting to the cognitive and linguistic level of the students, as well as their reading interests. In addition, we also propose that literature should be studied by relating it directly to the family and social references of the students, as representative of the desires, dreams and yearnings of each generation. As a result, ancient literary works must be avoided in the early years. In order to achieve this goal, the new methodology has to avoid the historicist criterion and focus on the creation of reading habits by teaching literature that is directly related to contemporaneity and the world students of the 21st century live in.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ep
                Educação e Pesquisa
                Educ. Pesqui.
                Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1517-9702
                1678-4634
                2023
                : 49
                : e251005
                Affiliations
                [1] Lisboa orgnameUniversidad de Lisboa Portugal
                Article
                S1517-97022023000100628 S1517-9702(23)04900000628
                10.1590/s1678-4634202349251005esp
                e231af2b-66d0-4848-a61a-f4cbd12f8a2f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 April 2021
                : 17 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artículos

                Didactics,Lectura,Metodología,Literatura,Historicismo,Didáctica,Reading,Methodology,Literature,Historicism

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