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      Comparação da vegetação arbórea e características edáficas de um cerradão e um cerrado sensu stricto em áreas adjacentes sobre solo distrófico no leste de Mato Grosso, Brasil Translated title: A comparison of the woody vegetation and soil characteristics of a cerradão and a Cerrado sensu stricto in adjacents areas on dystrophic soils in eastern Mato Grosso State, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Em alguns casos, cerrado sensu stricto e cerradão ocorrem lado a lado e sob condições edáficas e topográficas semelhantes. Como os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência de cerradão nessas situações ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a composição florística e a fitossociologia de um cerradão e um cerrado sensu stricto no leste mato-grossense e verificar se maior fertilidade do solo estava contribuindo para a ocorrência do cerradão. Em cada comunidade foi realizado um levantamento florístico e fitossociológico em 50 parcelas de 10 m×10 m, onde foram medidas todas as árvores com diâmetro maior do que 5 cm a 30 cm do solo. Foram coletadas amostras de solos de um perfil de 2 m de profundidade em cada área e amostras superficiais (0-10 e 10-20 cm). As fitofisionomias foram distintas quanto a florística, estrutura e fitossociologia. A área basal (21,4 m² ha-1) e altura média (6,4 m) do cerradão foram maiores do que as do cerrado sensu stricto (14,9 m² ha-1 e 3,7 m). No cerradão, as três espécies mais importantes foram Hirtella glandulosa Spreg., Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. e Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., somando 29% do Índice do Valor de Importância (IVI) total e no cerrado sensu stricto, foram Qualea parviflora Mart., Davilla elliptica A. St.-Hil. e Roupala montana Aubl., somando 20,5 do IVI total. Os solos sob ambas as fitofisionomias foram ácidos (pH < 5,0) e distróficos (Ca2+ < 0,4 cmol c kg-1), com altos teores de alumínio trocável (Al3+ > 1,3 cmol c kg-1). A fertilidade do solo não apresentou diferenças para corroborar a hipótese de que a ocorrência do cerradão ao lado do cerrado sensu stricto era devida à maior fertilidade do solo. O solo sob o cerradão apresentou textura mais argilosa em todo o perfil, o que pode significar maior disponibilidade de água para as árvores durante todo o ano. Esse é um aspecto que merece investigações no futuro.

          Translated abstract

          Cerrado sensu stricto and cerradão often occur side by side under similar edaphic and topographic conditions. The factors which contribute to the existence of cerradão in this situation are not well established. The objective of the present study was to compare the floristic composition and phytosociology of a Cerrado and cerradão on a dystrophic soil in eastern Mato Grosso and to determine whether higher soil fertility was contributing to the existence of the cerradão. Fifty 10 m×10 m plots were laid out in each vegetation type and a phytosociological survey was conducted of all trees with a minimum diameter of 5 cm at 30 cm above ground level. Soil samples were collected up to a depth of 2 m of soil profiles and from surface layer (0-10 and 10-20 cm) in each area. The two physiognomies showed distinct floristic, structural and phytosociological characteristics. The basal area (21.4 m² ha-1) and the mean heights (6.4 m) of the cerradão were greater than that of the cerrado sensu stricto (14.9 m² ha-1 and 3.7 m). The three most important species were Hirtella glandulosa Spreg., Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. and Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. in the cerradão, representing 29% of the total Importance Value (IVI), and Qualea parviflora Mart., Davilla elliptica A. St.-Hil. and Roupala montana Aubl. in the cerrado sensu stricto, representing 21% of the total IVI. The soils of both areas were acid (pH < 5.0) and dystrophic (Ca2+ < 0.4 cmol c kg-1) with high exchangeable aluminium levels (Al3+ > 1.3 cmol c kg-1). The fertility of the soils of the two areas was not different to support the hypothesis that the occurrence of the cerradão was due to the higher fertility of its soil. However, the cerradão soil showed higher percentages of clay than the cerrado soil at all depths up to 2 m, which could result in a higher availability of water throughout the year for the trees. This is an aspect worth investigating in future studies.

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          Most cited references33

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          Climatologia do Brasil

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            Diameter and height distributions in a gallery forest tree community and some of its main species in central Brazil over a six-year period (1985-1991)

            (Diameter and height distributions in a gallery forest tree community and some of its main species in central Brazil over a six-year period (1985-1991)). The diameter and height structure were studied over six years in approximately 64 ha of the Gama gallery forest in Brasília, DF. Trees from 10 cm dbh were measured every three years from 1985 in 151 (10 x 20 m) permanent plots. Natural regeneration (individuals under 10 cm dbh) was measured in subplots within the 200 m² plots. Most individuals and species were under 45 cm diameter and 20 m high while the maximum diameter for individual species ranged from 30 to 95 cm. The diameter structure was typical of a mixed tropical forest with the number of individuals decreasing with increasing size classes and showing little change over the six years. The most abundant species occupy different positions in the canopy and have different size structures.
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              Fitossociologia de uma área de cerrado de encosta em Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abb
                Acta Botanica Brasilica
                Acta Bot. Bras.
                Sociedade Botânica do Brasil (Belo Horizonte )
                1677-941X
                December 2005
                : 19
                : 4
                : 913-926
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de Brasília Brazil
                Article
                S0102-33062005000400026
                10.1590/S0102-33062005000400026
                e17d6345-7c55-4f39-8412-d8acf569a767

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-3306&lng=en
                Categories
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany
                Savanna,phytosociology,phytophysiognomy,soil fertility,Savana,fitossociologia,fitofisionomia,fertilidade do solo

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