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      Effectiveness of an Oral Health Promotion Program for the Elderly in Khiri Mat District, Sukhothai Province: A Randomized Control Trial

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          Oral disease is one of the most common health problems among the elderly, which impacts the quality of life. Applying the Health Belief Model (HBM) in oral health promotion is expected to improve the effectiveness of prevention and promotion that restricts oral health problems. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of an oral health promotion program on oral health behavior and oral status among the elderly in Khiri Mat, Thailand.

          Materials and Methods:

          A prospective randomized control trial was carried out among 162 elderly people for 6 months. They were interviewed to gather oral health behaviors and perception information, followed by an oral health examination. The experimental group received oral health education based on the HBM theory and tooth brushing practice in a small group of 4–5 persons, and then they were remotivated to support behavior change at 1 and 3 months. The control group received traditional oral health activity. All the elderly were followed up at 6 months. Data were analyzed using the t-test, Mann–Whitney test, Chi-square, and logistic regression.

          Results:

          The elderly in the experimental group had significantly higher oral health perception, lower plaque scores, lower gingival inflammation, and lower clinical attachment loss than those in the control group ( P < 0.05).

          Conclusion:

          This oral health promotion program improved oral health perception, behavior, and oral health status of the elderly.

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          Most cited references22

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          Oral health related quality of life

          Darshana Bennadi, C. Reddy (2013)
          Diseases and disorders that damage the mouth and face can disturb well-being and his self-esteem. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) is a relatively new but rapidly growing notion. The concept of OHRQOL can become a tool to understand and shape not only the state of clinical practice, dental research and dental education but also that of community at large. There are different approaches to measure OHRQOL; the most popular one is multiple item questionnaires. OHRQOL should be the basis for any oral health programme development. Moreover, research at the conceptual level is needed in countries where OHRQOL has not been previously assessed, including India.
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            The role of self-efficacy in dental patients' brushing and flossing: testing an extended Health Belief Model.

            Maria Buglar, Katherine M White, Natalie G. Robinson (2010)
            In an effort to examine the decreasing oral health trend of Australian dental patients, the Health Belief Model (HBM) was utilised to understand the beliefs underlying brushing and flossing self-care. The HBM states that perception of severity and susceptibility to inaction and an estimate of the barriers and benefits of behavioural performance influence people's health behaviours. Self-efficacy, confidence in one's ability to perform oral self-care, was also examined. In dental waiting rooms, a community sample (N=92) of dental patients completed a questionnaire assessing HBM variables and self-efficacy, as well as their performance of the oral hygiene behaviours of brushing and flossing. Partial support only was found for the HBM with barriers emerging as the sole HBM factor influencing brushing and flossing behaviours. Self-efficacy significantly predicted both oral hygiene behaviours also. Support was found for the control factors, specifically a consideration of barriers and self-efficacy, in the context of understanding dental patients' oral hygiene decisions. Dental professionals should encourage patients' self-confidence to brush and floss at recommended levels and discuss strategies that combat barriers to performance, rather than emphasising the risks of inaction or the benefits of oral self-care. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Inflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, insulin resistance and metabolic control after periodontal intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis.

              Wei Sun, Zhan Zhang, Yan-Yun Wu … (2010)
              To evaluate the effects of periodontal intervention on inflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, insulin resistance (IR), and metabolic control and to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderately poor glycemic control and chronic periodontitis. A total of 190 moderately poorly controlled (HbA1c between 7.5% and 9.5%) T2DM patients with periodontitis were randomly divided into two groups according to whether they underwent periodontal intervention: T2DM-NT and T2DM-T group. The levels of serum adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid profile, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) were measured at baseline and after 3 months. The levels of clinical periodontal variables, the probing depth, attachment loss, bleeding index, and plaque index were improved significantly in T2DM-T group after 3 months compared to T2DM-NT group (all p<0.01). After 3 months, the serum levels of hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR index decreased, and adiponectin was significantly increased in T2DM-T group compared to those in the T2DM-NT group (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Periodontal intervention can improve glycemic control, lipid profile and IR, reduce serum inflammatory cytokine levels and increase serum adiponectin levels in moderately poorly controlled T2DM patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Int Soc Prev Community Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Int Soc Prev Community Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JISPCD
                Title: Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2231-0762
                ISSN (Electronic): 2250-1002
                Publication date (Print): May-Jun 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 07 June 2019
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 225-231
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Dental Department, Khiri Mat Hospital, Khiri Mat, Sukhothai, Thailand
                [2 ]Department of Preventive Dentistry, Children Oral Health Promotion and Caries Prevention Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
                [3 ]Department of Preventive Dentistry, Evidence-Based Dentistry for Oral Health Care and Promotion Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Songchai Thitasomakul, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Children Oral Health Promotion and Caries Prevention Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand. E-mail: songchai.t@ 123456psu.ac.th
                Article
                Publisher ID: JISPCD-9-225
                DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_27_19
                PMC ID: 6559037
                SO-VID: e091bc6e-bbba-4fd7-936c-24c652a2b6cd
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2019 Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry
                License:

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 18 January 2019
                Date accepted : 19 March 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: health belief model,oral health,oral health promotion program,the elderly
                Data availability:
                Keywords: health belief model, oral health, oral health promotion program, the elderly

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