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      Devenir néonatal immédiat de la grande et l'extrême prématurité: données rétrospectives d'une unité de néonatalogie à Yaoundé, Cameroun de 2009 à 2013 Translated title: Immediate neonatal outcome of extreme prematurity: retrospective data of a neonatal unit in Yaounde, Cameroon from 2009 to 2013

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          Abstract

          L'objectif est de notre étude de décrire la typologie de la prématurité et mesurer la survie hospitalière à court terme des grands et extrêmes prématurés dans un pays à ressources limitées (PRL). C'est une étude descriptive rétrospective. Données extraites du registre des admissions du service. Inclusions de tous les nouveau-nés admis dans le service durant la période, ayant un âge gestationnel annoncé ≤ 36 semaines et 6 jours et plus de 26SA, avec au moins deux paramètres présents: âge gestationnel et poids de naissance. Principaux paramètres mesurés: pourcentage de nouveau-nés sortants vivants selon le type de prématurité: tardive, grande ou extrême. Nous avons recensé 1015 prématurés dont 314 grands prématurés (GP) et 61 extrêmes prématurés (EP). Le taux de nouveau-nés sortant vivants était de 95% chez les prématurés tardifs, de 71% chez les grands prématurés et de moins de 23% chez les extrêmes prématurés. Avant 28 semaines, le taux de mortalité était de prés de 100% chez les grands ou extrêmes prématurés de moins de 1000g contre 64% chez les plus de 1000g. Chez les GP le taux de décès était de 13% chez les nés par césarienne vs 21% chez ceux nés par voie basse (p ≤ 0,01). Le taux de prématurité médicalement induite était faible dans l'ensemble et de 3% chez les prématurés extrêmes. En conclusion le taux de mortalité hospitalière des EP est préoccupant, le faible taux de prématurité médicalement induite urge au renforcement de la prévention et à la mise en place de collaboration obstétrico-pédiatrique.

          Most cited references9

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          Impact of simple interventions on neonatal mortality in a low-resource teaching hospital in India.

          To evaluate impact of simple interventions on neonatal mortality in a low-resource teaching hospital in India. Before-and-after intervention trial setting: limited resource teaching hospital; Before and after study. A package of simple interventions was evolved. The interventions included: rational admissions and early discharge, entrusting mothers in care-giving, enforcing asepsis routines, aggressive enteral feeding, abandoning unnecessary interventions, protocol-based management, rational antibiotics and training and empowerment of nurses. The categorical and continuous variables were compared with chi (2) and two-tailed tests, respectively. Neonatal mortality rate declined significantly during the intervention period as compared to control period (20.3 versus 29.3 per 1000 live births; relative risk 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57 to 0.85). Most significant decline occurred in sepsis-related deaths. The survival of neonates with birth weight 1000 to 1499 improved over two folds (56.7% versus 24.5%, P<0.01). There was a significant decline in antibiotics use (635/878, 72.3% versus 299/897, 23.2%; P=0.00). The duration of stay in neonatal unit was decreased by a mean of 1.5 day (95% CI 0.9 to 2.8 days) after interventions. Simple interventions can result in a significant decline in neonatal mortality in hospitals with limited resources. This package is likely to be effective in hospitals with a high proportion of the sepsis deaths.
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            4 million neonatal deaths: When? Where? Why?

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              [Very premature births: Dilemmas and management. Part 1. Outcome of infants born before 28 weeks of postmenstrual age, and definition of a gray zone].

              With very preterm deliveries, the decision to institute intensive care, or, alternatively, to start palliative care and let the baby die, is extremely difficult, and involves complex ethical issues. The introduction of intensive care may result in long-term survival of many infants without severe disabilities, but it may also result in the survival of severely disabled infants. Conversely, the decision to withhold resuscitation and/or intensive care at birth, which is an option at the margin of viability, implies allowing babies to die, although some of them would have developed normally if they had received resuscitation and/or intensive care. Withholding intensive care at birth does not mean withholding care but rather providing palliative care to prevent pain and suffering during the time period preceding death. The likelihood of survival without significant disabilities decreases as gestational age at birth decreases. In addition to gestational age, other factors greatly influence the prognosis. Indeed, for a given gestational age, higher birth weight, singleton birth, female sex, exposure to prenatal corticosteroids, and birth in a tertiary center are favorable factors. Considering gestational age, there is a gray zone that corresponds to major prognostic uncertainty and therefore to a major problem in making a "good" decision. In France today, the gray zone corresponds to deliveries at 24 and 25 weeks of postmenstrual age. In general, babies born above the gray zone (26 weeks of postmenstrual age and later) should receive resuscitation and/or full intensive care. Below 24 weeks, palliative care is the only option offered in France at the present time. Decisions within the gray zone will be addressed in the 2nd part of this work. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                06 April 2015
                2015
                : 20
                : 321
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service de Pédiatrie et Prévention Infantile, Centre Hospitalier d'Essos, Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance Sociale, Yaoundé, Cameroun
                [2 ]Association Camerounaise d'Aide aux Personnes et Familles Affectées par le VIH/SIDA, Cameroun
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Esther Njom Nlend, Service de Pédiatrie et Prévention Infantile, Centre Hospitalier d'ESSOS, Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance Sociale, Association Camerounaise d'Aide aux Personnes et Familles Affectées par le VIH/SIDA, BP 5777 Yaoundé, Cameroun
                Article
                PAMJ-20-321
                10.11604/pamj.2015.20.321.5289
                4491448
                e08bcb7f-f11a-492d-81e6-c84eb5fa2ec6
                © Anne Esther Njom Nlend et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 24 August 2014
                : 15 March 2015
                Categories
                Short Communication

                Medicine
                extrême prématurité,devenir néonatal,données rétrospectives,extreme prematurity,neonatal outcome,retrospective data

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