Prevalence of anxiety, depression and quality of life in HTLV-1 infected patients

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

The HAM/TSP caused by HTLV-1 infection usually affects patients to disabling states, and sometimes can lead them to paraplegia presenting symptoms of depression and anxiety, impacting on quality of life. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of depression and anxiety and its impact on quality of life in HTLV-1-infected TSP/HAM patients. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 67 asymptomatic (control group) and 63 with TSP/HAM subjects. The instruments used were a demographic questionnaire, scales for anxiety and depression diagnosis (BDI and BAI), questionnaire for the assessment of Quality of Life of the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-Brief) and neurological scale to measure the disability level (Osame's Disability Status Scale). All patients had HTLV-I diagnosis by serological and molecular approaches, monitored at Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas from May 2008 to July 2009. Data were analyzed statistically by frequencies, the Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman correlation test. Data among groups were analyzed and correlated with functional and severity aspects. Results: The results showed that patients with HAM/TSP compared to asymptomatic carriers had higher rates of depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001), and impairment on quality of life in the areas of: dissatisfaction with health (p < 0.001), physical (p < 0.001) and the environment (p = 0.003). The main factors that correlated with levels of depression and anxiety and the domains of the WHOQOL-brief were: education, family income and social class. Conclusion: A well conducted evaluation and counseling may help in treatment, for a better quality of life of these patients.

Related collections

Most cited references 25

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

Aplicação da versão em português do instrumento abreviado de avaliação da qualidade de vida "WHOQOL-bref"

Marcelo PA Fleck, Sérgio Louzada, Marta Xavier … (2000)

INTRODUÇÃO: A necessidade de instrumentos de rápida aplicação determinou que o Grupo de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde desenvolvesse a versão abreviada do WHOQOL-100, o WHOQOL-bref. Este instrumento consta de 26 questões divididas em quatro domínios: físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente. O objetivo deste estudo é a apresentação do teste de campo brasileiro do WHOQOL-bref. MÉTODOS: O WHOQOL-bref, o BDI e o BHS foram aplicados numa amostra de 300 indivíduos na cidade de Porto Alegre. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSÕES: O Instrumento mostrou características satisfatórias de consistência interna, validade discriminante, validade de critério, validade concorrente e fidedignidade teste-reteste. O WHOQOL-bref alia um bom desempenho psicométrico com praticidade de uso o que lhe coloca como uma alternativa útil para ser usado em estudos que se propõe a avaliar qualidade de vida no Brasil.

0 comments Cited 347 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

Macrophages and cytokines in the early defence against herpes simplex virus

Svend Ellermann-Eriksen (2005)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2 are old viruses, with a history of evolution shared with humans. Thus, it is generally well-adapted viruses, infecting many of us without doing much harm, and with the capacity to hide in our neurons for life. In rare situations, however, the primary infection becomes generalized or involves the brain. Normally, the primary HSV infection is asymptomatic, and a crucial element in the early restriction of virus replication and thus avoidance of symptoms from the infection is the concerted action of different arms of the innate immune response. An early and light struggle inhibiting some HSV replication will spare the host from the real war against huge amounts of virus later in infection. As far as such a war will jeopardize the life of the host, it will be in both interests, including the virus, to settle the conflict amicably. Some important weapons of the unspecific defence and the early strikes and beginning battle during the first days of a HSV infection are discussed in this review. Generally, macrophages are orchestrating a multitude of anti-herpetic actions during the first hours of the attack. In a first wave of responses, cytokines, primarily type I interferons (IFN) and tumour necrosis factor are produced and exert a direct antiviral effect and activate the macrophages themselves. In the next wave, interleukin (IL)-12 together with the above and other cytokines induce production of IFN-γ in mainly NK cells. Many positive feed-back mechanisms and synergistic interactions intensify these systems and give rise to heavy antiviral weapons such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. This results in the generation of an alliance against the viral enemy. However, these heavy weapons have to be controlled to avoid too much harm to the host. By IL-4 and others, these reactions are hampered, but they are still allowed in foci of HSV replication, thus focusing the activity to only relevant sites. So, no hero does it alone. Rather, an alliance of cytokines, macrophages and other cells seems to play a central role. Implications of this for future treatment modalities are shortly considered.