Establishment of a prognostic signature for patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma based on tumor-infiltrating immune cells

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Abstract

Background

With the advancements in the fields of science, technology, and medical therapy, there is an increasing awareness among the general public regarding tumor-infiltrating immune cells. These immune cells have a close association with the prognosis of clinical patients with lung cancer.

Methods

The research used a comprehensive analysis and assessed tumor-infiltrating immune cells in advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the CIBERSORT algorithm. The research examined 22 types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and observed notable differences in the infiltration patterns of immune cells between normal tissue and advanced LUSC.

Results

Univariate Cox regression analyses revealed a positive correlation between macrophages M2 and patient prognoses, as well as potential influences on patient prognosis by natural killer (NK) cells resting, monocytes, and activated mast cells. Multivariate Cox regression models were developed, incorporating three types of immune cells. The efficacy of the model was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Furthermore, the research constructed a nomogram model to individually predict the mortality risk in patients with advanced LUSC. This prediction model serves as a valuable tool for clinicians, enabling them to provide effective guidance based on tumor-infiltrating immune cells for advanced LUSC patients.

Conclusions

The research comprehensively analyzed and evaluated 22 types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells from advanced LUSC, revealing the correlation between immune cell infiltration and overall survival (OS) in clinical patients. Based on the nomogram of NK cells resting, monocytes, and macrophages M2, it can make specific prognostic predictions for advanced LUSC patients.

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Most cited references 32

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Cancer statistics, 2022

Rebecca Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Hannah Fuchs … (2022)

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes. Incidence data (through 2018) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2019) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2022, 1,918,030 new cancer cases and 609,360 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States, including approximately 350 deaths per day from lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death. Incidence during 2014 through 2018 continued a slow increase for female breast cancer (by 0.5% annually) and remained stable for prostate cancer, despite a 4% to 6% annual increase for advanced disease since 2011. Consequently, the proportion of prostate cancer diagnosed at a distant stage increased from 3.9% to 8.2% over the past decade. In contrast, lung cancer incidence continued to decline steeply for advanced disease while rates for localized-stage increased suddenly by 4.5% annually, contributing to gains both in the proportion of localized-stage diagnoses (from 17% in 2004 to 28% in 2018) and 3-year relative survival (from 21% to 31%). Mortality patterns reflect incidence trends, with declines accelerating for lung cancer, slowing for breast cancer, and stabilizing for prostate cancer. In summary, progress has stagnated for breast and prostate cancers but strengthened for lung cancer, coinciding with changes in medical practice related to cancer screening and/or treatment. More targeted cancer control interventions and investment in improved early detection and treatment would facilitate reductions in cancer mortality.

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The immune contexture in human tumours: impact on clinical outcome.

Wolf Herman Fridman, Franck Pagès, Catherine Sautès-Fridman … (2012)

Tumours grow within an intricate network of epithelial cells, vascular and lymphatic vessels, cytokines and chemokines, and infiltrating immune cells. Different types of infiltrating immune cells have different effects on tumour progression, which can vary according to cancer type. In this Opinion article we discuss how the context-specific nature of infiltrating immune cells can affect the prognosis of patients.

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Altered macrophage differentiation and immune dysfunction in tumor development.

Antonio Sica, Vincenzo Bronte (2007)

Tumors require a constant influx of myelomonocytic cells to support the angiogenesis and stroma remodeling needed for their growth. This is mediated by tumor-derived factors, which cause sustained myelopoiesis and the accumulation and functional differentiation of myelomonocytic cells, most of which are macrophages, at the tumor site. An important side effect of the accumulation and functional differentiation of these cells is that they can induce lymphocyte dysfunction. A complete understanding of the complex interplay between neoplastic and myelomonocytic cells might offer novel targets for therapeutic intervention aimed at depriving tumor cells of important growth support and enhancing the antitumor immune response.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Transl Cancer Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Transl Cancer Res

Journal ID (publisher-id): TCR

Title: Translational Cancer Research

Publisher: AME Publishing Company

ISSN (Print): 2218-676X

ISSN (Electronic): 2219-6803

Publication date (Electronic): 20 October 2023

Publication date (Print): 31 October 2023

Volume: 12

Issue: 10

Pages: 2706-2716

Affiliations

[1 ]deptDepartment of Lung Cancer Surgery , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China;

[2 ]deptTianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China

Author notes

Contributions: (I) Conception and design: H Zhang, D Wu, H Huang; (II) Administrative support: J Chen, D Wu; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: X Li, X Liu; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: X Li, H Liu; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: H Huang; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.

[#]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to: Jun Chen, PhD. Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China. Email: hunterchenjun@ 123456hotmail.com .

[^]

ORCID: 0000-0003-4640-8063.

Article

Publisher ID: tcr-12-10-2706

DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-545

PMC ID: 10643955

PubMed ID: 37969402

SO-VID: e062e962-a16b-4011-8116-809989856fac

License:

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

History

Date received : 29 March 2023

Date accepted : 01 September 2023

Funding

Funded by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award ID: Nos. 82172569, 82072595 and 61973232

Funded by: Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project

Award ID: No. TJYXZDXK-061B

Funded by: Tianjin Health Science and Technology Project

Award ID: Nos. TJWJ2022XK005, ZC20179

Funded by: Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Medical Development Fund

Award ID: No. KC2021-JX-0186-57

Establishment of a prognostic signature for patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma based on tumor-infiltrating immune cells

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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HLA-G and immune tolerance in pregnancy

Most cited references 32

Cancer statistics, 2022

The immune contexture in human tumours: impact on clinical outcome.

Altered macrophage differentiation and immune dysfunction in tumor development.

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