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      • Record: found
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      Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum in sex estimation: An additional 3DCT study from Nepal on a larger sample

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          Abstract

          Background

          Estimation of sex of the skeletal remains plays a vital part in the identification of an individual. This study is focused on the morphometric measurements of the foramen magnum region and examining the accuracy of sexual dimorphism in the Nepalese population.

          Methods

          Measurements were obtained from 3D computed tomography (CT) scan of 261 Nepalese adult cranial bases with known age and sex. Length and breadth of the foramen magnum, length and breadth of right and left occipital condyles and maximum and minimum intercondylar distance were measured on the base of the skull CT images.

          Results

          The mean values for all parameters were higher in males than females except for the maximum intercondylar distance. Sex prediction done with discriminant function analysis could classify the skull with an overall accuracy of 70.5%–71%.

          Conclusions

          It can be concluded from the results that the morphometric study of the foramen magnum is less reliable for sex estimation in the Nepalese population.

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          Most cited references40

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          Sex estimation in forensic anthropology: skull versus postcranial elements.

          R Jantz, Jessica Spradley (2011)
          When the pelvis is unavailable, the skull is widely considered the second best indicator of sex. The goals of this research are to provide an objective hierarchy of sexing effectiveness of cranial and postcranial elements and to test the widespread notion that the skull is superior to postcranial bones. We constructed both univariate and multivariate discriminant models using data from the Forensic Anthropology Data Bank. Discriminating effectiveness was assessed by cross-validated classification, and in the case of multivariate models, Mahalanobis D(2). The results clearly indicate that most postcranial elements outperform the skull in estimating sex. It is possible to correctly sex 88-90% of individuals with joint size, up to 94% with multivariate models of the postcranial bones. The best models for the cranium do not exceed 90%. We conclude that postcranial elements are to be preferred to the cranium for estimating sex when the pelvis is unavailable. © 2011 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.
          Article 0 comments Cited 68 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Sex determination and estimation of stature from the long bones of the arm.

            G. Mall, M Hubig, A. Büttner … (2001)
            The determination of sex and the estimation of stature from bones play an important role in identifying unknown bodies, parts of bodies or skeletal remains. In medico-legal practice statements on the probable sex of a decomposed body or part of a body are often expected even during autopsy. The present study was, therefore, restricted to few easily accessible dimensions from bones which were prepared only by mechanically removing soft tissues, tendons and ligaments. The specimens came from the Anatomical Institutes in Munich and Cologne from the years 1994-1998 including a total of 143 individuals (64 males and 79 females). The mean age was 79 years (46-108), the mean body height 161cm (134-189). The following measurements were taken: maximum humeral length (mean: 33.4cm in males; 30.7cm in females), vertical humeral head diameter (mean: 5.0cm in males, 4.4cm in females), humeral epicondylar width (mean: 6.6cm in males; 5.8cm in females), maximum ulnar length (mean: 26.5cm in males, 23.8cm in females), proximal ulnar width (mean: 3.4cm in males, 2.9cm in females), distal ulnar width (mean: 2.2cm in males; 1.8cm in females), maximum radial length (mean: 24.6cm in males; 22.0cm in females), radial head diameter (mean: 2.6cm in males, 2.2cm in females) and distal radial width (mean: 3.6cm in males; 3.2cm in females). The differences between the means in males and females were significant (P<0.0005). A discriminant analysis was carried out with good results. A percentage of 94.93% of cases were correctly classified when all measures of the radius were applied jointly, followed by humerus (93.15%) and ulna (90.58%). Applied singly, the humeral head diameter allowed the best distinction (90.41% correctly grouped cases), followed by the radial length (89.13%), the radial head diameter (88.57%) and the humeral epicondylar width (88.49%). The linear regression analysis for quantifying the correlation between the bone lengths and the stature led to unsatifactory results with large 95%-confidence intervals for the coefficients and high standard errors of estimate.
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              Evaluation of foramen magnum in gender determination using helical CT scanning.

              Olalekan A Uthman, N. Al-Sadat, Hasan F. Al-Azzawi (2012)
              The present research was undertaken to study the accuracy and reliability of the foramen magnum (FM) and some cranial measurements in gender classification through the use of reconstructed helical CT images. 88 patients (43 males and 45 females; age range, 20-49 years) were selected for this study. FM sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, area and circumference were measured and data were subjected to discriminant analysis for gender using multiple regression analysis. FM circumference and area were the best discriminant parameters that could be used to study sexual dimorphism with an overall accuracy of 67% and 69.3%, respectively. By using multivariate analysis, 90.7% of FM dimensions of males and 73.3% of FM dimensions of females were sexed correctly. It can be concluded that the reconstructed CT image can provide valuable measurements for the FM and could be used for sexing when other methods are inconclusive.
              Article 0 comments Cited 17 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Alok Atreya:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-7871
                alokraj67@hotmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Health Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Health Sci Rep
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2398-8835
                Journal ID (publisher-id): HSR2
                Title: Health Science Reports
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2398-8835
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 December 2022
                Publication date Collection: January 2023
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/hsr2.v6.1 )
                Electronic Location Identifier: e999
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Forensic Medicine Lumbini Medical College Palpa Nepal
                [ 2 ] Department of Anthropology Punjab University Chandigarh India
                [ 3 ] Department of Radiology Lumbini Medical College Palpa Nepal
                [ 4 ] Department of Radiology & Interventions Grande International Hospital Kathmandu Nepal
                [ 5 ] Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence Alok Atreya, Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal.

                Email: alokraj67@ 123456hotmail.com

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-7871
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-4161
                Article
                Publisher ID: HSR2999
                DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.999
                PMC ID: 9758477
                PubMed ID: 36544619
                SO-VID: e05c422d-13a2-4e4a-8025-23755ab06a8b
                Copyright © © 2022 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date revision received : 01 December 2022
                Date received : 16 July 2022
                Date accepted : 07 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 7, Pages: 9, Words: 5209
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research
                Subject: Original Research
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date January 2023
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.2.3 mode:remove_FC converted:17.12.2022

                Keywords: forensic anthropology population data,forensic radiology,identification,nepal,sexual dimorphism
                Data availability:
                Keywords: forensic anthropology population data, forensic radiology, identification, nepal, sexual dimorphism

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