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      Influencia de la historia de isquemia sobre el estado nutricional en pacientes ingresados por accidente cerebrovascular Translated title: Influence of prior ischemic events on the nutritional status of patients hospitalized for stroke

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivos: el mal estado nutricional empeora el pronóstico del ictus. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar qué factores se asociaban a una mala situación nutricional en pacientes con ictus en el momento del ingreso. Material y método: estudio transversal de pacientes hospitalizados con ictus que precisaron soporte nutricional enteral, desde enero de 2014 hasta septiembre de 2016. Determinamos el estado nutricional mediante el Mini-Nutritional Assesment y la valoración global subjetiva. Se realizó un análisis de regresión multivariante, incluyendo variables demográficas, situación funcional (escala de Rankin) y variables clínicas y antropométricas, estratificándose por la edad mediana de la muestra. Resultados: se incluyeron 226 pacientes, el 58,3 % varones, con una edad mediana de 77 (66,7-83) años. El 44 % presentaban riesgo de malnutrición y el 24 % desnutrición. Los factores asociados a una mala situación nutricional fueron la edad (odds ratio (OR): 1,03, IC 95 %: 1,01-1,08) y la puntuación en la escala de Rankin (OR: 1,96; IC 95 %: 1,32-2,67). En el análisis estratificado, los factores asociados a una mala situación nutricional fueron, en el subgrupo de los mayores de 77 años, la capacidad funcional previa (OR: 1,88; IC 95 %: 1,26-2,80), y en el subgrupo de los menores de 77 años, la historia de eventos isquémicos previos (OR: 2,86; IC 95 %: 1,01-8,16). Conclusiones: en pacientes hospitalizados por ictus, la mayor edad y la peor situación funcional previa se asociaron a una peor situación nutricional. En los pacientes de mayor edad, el factor principal fue la situación funcional previa, mientras que en los pacientes más jóvenes, fue el antecedente de patología isquémica.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and aims: a poor nutritional status may worsen the prognosis of stroke. We assessed which factors were associated with a worse nutritional status in patients with stroke at the time of hospitalization. Methods: a cross-sectional study in patients with stroke needing enteral nutritional support, from January 2014 to September 2016. Nutritional status was evaluated by the Mini-Nutritional Assessment tool, and the Subjective Global Assessment. We performed a multivariate regression analysis including demographic, baseline disability (modified Rankin scale), and clinical and anthropometric variables, and we stratified the sample based on median age. Results: we included 226 patients, 58.3 % male, with a median age of 77 (66.7-83) years. Forty-four percent were at risk of malnutrition, and 24 % were malnourished. The factors that were associated with a worse nutritional status were age (odds ratio (OR): 1.03; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.08) and modified Rankin scale score (OR: 1.96; 95 % CI: 1.32-2.67). In the stratified analysis, associated factors were, in the subgroup of patients older than 77 years, the baseline degree of disability (OR: 1.88; 95 % CI: 1.26-2.80), whereas in the subgroup of patients younger than 77 years, it was a prior history of ischemic events (OR: 2.86; 95 % CI: 1.01-8.16). Conclusion: in patients hospitalized due to stroke, older age and worse functional status were associated with a worse nutritional status at the time of hospitalization. In elderly patients, the main factor was prior functional status, while in younger patients it was a prior history of ischemic events.

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          Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

          Background and Purpose- The purpose of these guidelines is to provide an up-to-date comprehensive set of recommendations in a single document for clinicians caring for adult patients with acute arterial ischemic stroke. The intended audiences are prehospital care providers, physicians, allied health professionals, and hospital administrators. These guidelines supersede the 2013 Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Guidelines and are an update of the 2018 AIS Guidelines. Methods- Members of the writing group were appointed by the American Heart Association (AHA) Stroke Council's Scientific Statements Oversight Committee, representing various areas of medical expertise. Members were not allowed to participate in discussions or to vote on topics relevant to their relations with industry. An update of the 2013 AIS Guidelines was originally published in January 2018. This guideline was approved by the AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee and the AHA Executive Committee. In April 2018, a revision to these guidelines, deleting some recommendations, was published online by the AHA. The writing group was asked review the original document and revise if appropriate. In June 2018, the writing group submitted a document with minor changes and with inclusion of important newly published randomized controlled trials with >100 participants and clinical outcomes at least 90 days after AIS. The document was sent to 14 peer reviewers. The writing group evaluated the peer reviewers' comments and revised when appropriate. The current final document was approved by all members of the writing group except when relationships with industry precluded members from voting and by the governing bodies of the AHA. These guidelines use the American College of Cardiology/AHA 2015 Class of Recommendations and Level of Evidence and the new AHA guidelines format. Results- These guidelines detail prehospital care, urgent and emergency evaluation and treatment with intravenous and intra-arterial therapies, and in-hospital management, including secondary prevention measures that are appropriately instituted within the first 2 weeks. The guidelines support the overarching concept of stroke systems of care in both the prehospital and hospital settings. Conclusions- These guidelines provide general recommendations based on the currently available evidence to guide clinicians caring for adult patients with acute arterial ischemic stroke. In many instances, however, only limited data exist demonstrating the urgent need for continued research on treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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            Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

            Summary Background Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders. Methods We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach. Findings Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable). Interpretation Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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              An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.

              Despite the global impact and advances in understanding the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases, the term "stroke" is not consistently defined in clinical practice, in clinical research, or in assessments of the public health. The classic definition is mainly clinical and does not account for advances in science and technology. The Stroke Council of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association convened a writing group to develop an expert consensus document for an updated definition of stroke for the 21st century. Central nervous system infarction is defined as brain, spinal cord, or retinal cell death attributable to ischemia, based on neuropathological, neuroimaging, and/or clinical evidence of permanent injury. Central nervous system infarction occurs over a clinical spectrum: Ischemic stroke specifically refers to central nervous system infarction accompanied by overt symptoms, while silent infarction by definition causes no known symptoms. Stroke also broadly includes intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The updated definition of stroke incorporates clinical and tissue criteria and can be incorporated into practice, research, and assessments of the public health.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                August 2021
                : 38
                : 4
                : 773-779
                Affiliations
                [1] Valladolid orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid Spain
                [2] Valladolid Castilla y León orgnameUniversidad de Valladolid orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología y Nutrición (IENVA) Spain
                [3] Valladolid Castilla y León orgnameUniversidad de Valladolid orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112021000400773 S0212-1611(21)03800400773
                10.20960/nh.03479
                e03103cd-ebe2-4697-b013-cce57e4ab7e8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 December 2020
                : 02 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Factores de riesgo,Soporte nutricional,Enfermedades vasculares,Evaluación nutricional,Desnutrición,Enfermedades cerebrovasculares,Risk factors,Nutritional support,Vascular diseases,Nutrition assessment,Malnutrition,Cerebrovascular disorders

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