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      Evaluating Fracture Resistance And Failure Modes Of Root Filled Teeth Restored With CAD/CAM-Fabricated Post And Core

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to measure the fracture resistance and failure modes of root-filled teeth restored with three different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated post and core assemblies.

          Methods

          Thirty extracted intact maxillary central incisors were used in the study, and the teeth were endodontically treated and sectioned to a root length of 16 mm. The samples were divided into three groups (n = 10) according to the mean of the dimensions at the cervical portion of the root. The posts and cores were fabricated with CAD/CAM technology using metal, zirconia, and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material. The posts were luted using resin cement, and then, metal crowns were fabricated, cemented, and then subjected to a compression to determine the fracture resistance force. Fracture of the post and core or fracture of the root above the level of the acrylic resin was considered as a favorable fracture, while nonfavorable fractures were those where the root fracture occurred below the level of the acrylic resin. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software, and one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze root fracture resistance in Newton. The number of failure modes, post–core fractures and/or root fractures was calculated. The differences between study groups were revealed using the chi-square test.

          Results

          The results of ANOVA revealed a nonsignificant difference in the resistance to fracture among the study groups (P = 0.114). The failure modes were nonfavorable for all metal and zirconia samples and seven PICN samples. However, three PICN samples exhibited a favorable represented by core fracture without root fracture.

          Conclusion

          There was no significant difference between metal and zirconia samples in terms of nonfavorable fracture, while few PICN samples exhibited a favorable fracture. PICN material can be used in the fabrication of post and core assemblies using CAD/CAM.

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          Most cited references37

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          Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial.

          G Maccauro, C Piconi (1998)
          Zirconia ceramics have several advantages over other ceramic materials, due to the transformation toughening mechanisms operating in their microstructure that can give to components made out of them, very interesting mechanical properties. The research on the use of zirconia ceramics as biomaterials started about twenty years ago, and now zirconia (Y-YZP) is in clinical use in THR, but developments are in progress for application in other medical devices. Recent developments have concentrated on the chemistry of precursors, in forming and sintering processes, and on surface finish of components. Today's main applications of zirconia ceramics is in THR ball heads. This review takes into account the main results achieved up to now, and is focused on the role that microstructural characteristics play on the TZP ceramics behaviour in ball heads, namely mechanical properties and their stability, wear of the UHMWPE paired to TZP, and their influence on biocompatibility.
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            Mechanical properties of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials.

            Andrea Coldea, Norbert Thiel, Mike V Swain (2013)
            To determine and identify correlations between flexural strength, strain at failure, elastic modulus and hardness versus ceramic network densities of a range of novel polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN) materials. Four ceramic network densities ranging from 59% to 72% of theoretical density, resin infiltrated PICN as well as pure polymer and dense ceramic cross-sections were subjected to Vickers Indentations (HV 5) for hardness evaluation. The flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured using three-point-bending. The fracture response of PICNs was determined for cracks induced by Vickers-indentation. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the indented areas. Depending on the density of the porous ceramic the flexural strength of PICNs ranged from 131 to 160MPa, the hardness values ranged between 1.05 and 2.10GPa and the elastic modulus between 16.4 and 28.1GPa. SEM observations of the indentation induced cracks indicate that the polymer network causes greater crack deflection than the dense ceramic material. The results were compared with simple analytical expressions for property variation of two phase composite materials. This study points out the correlation between ceramic network density, elastic modulus and hardness of PICNs. These materials are considered to more closely imitate natural tooth properties compared with existing dental restorative materials. Copyright © 2013 Academy of Dental Materials. All rights reserved.
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              Resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth restored with different post systems.

              Begüm Akkayan, Turgut Gülmez (2002)
              Very little is known about the resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth restored with newly developed esthetic post systems. Purpose. This in vitro study compared the effect of 1 titanium and 3 esthetic post systems on the fracture resistance and fracture patterns of crowned, endodontically treated teeth. A total of 40 recently extracted human maxillary canines with their crowns removed were endodontically treated. Four groups of 10 specimens were formed. Teeth were restored with titanium, quartz fiber, glass fiber, and zirconia posts and numbered as groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. All posts were cemented with Single Bond dental adhesive system and dual-polymerizing RelyX ARC adhesive resin cement. All teeth were restored with composite cores, and metal crowns were fabricated and cemented with glass ionomer cement. Each specimen was embedded in acrylic resin and then secured in a universal load-testing machine. A compressive load was applied at a 130-degree angle to the long axis of the tooth until fracture, at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. One-way analysis of variance and a Tukey test were used to determine the significance of the failure loads between groups (P .05). Fractures that would allow repair of the tooth were observed in groups 2 and 3, whereas unrestorable, catastrophic fractures were observed in groups 1 and 4 (P<.001). Within the limitations of this study, significantly higher failure loads were recorded for root canal treated teeth restored with quartz fiber posts. Fractures that would allow repeated repair were observed in teeth restored with quartz fiber and glass fiber posts.
              Article 0 comments Cited 77 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Cosmet Investig Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Clin Cosmet Investig Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CCIDE
                Journal ID (pmc): ccident
                Title: Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1179-1357
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 November 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 11
                Pages: 349-355
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ajman University , Ajman, United Arab Emirates
                [2 ]College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah , Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Abdul Rahman Mohammed Saleh Ajman University , PO Box 346, Ajman University Street, Aljurf, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesTel +971 4 50228 3188Fax +971 4 670 56874 Email rm.saleh@ajman.ac.ae
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0208-4442
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9014-8695
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6938-9913
                Article
                Publisher ID: 219712
                DOI: 10.2147/CCIDE.S219712
                PMC ID: 6863363
                PubMed ID: 31814773
                SO-VID: e0191088-99c1-4363-8059-c05c63ff4a1d
                Copyright © © 2019 Alkhatri et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 17 June 2019
                Date accepted : 26 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 6, References: 40, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                Keywords: cad/cam,cast post,picn,failure mode
                Data availability:
                Keywords: cad/cam, cast post, picn, failure mode

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