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      The Significance of Calcium in Photosynthesis

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          Abstract

          As a secondary messenger, calcium participates in various physiological and biochemical reactions in plants. Photosynthesis is the most extensive biosynthesis process on Earth. To date, researchers have found that some chloroplast proteins have Ca 2+-binding sites, and the structure and function of some of these proteins have been discussed in detail. Although the roles of Ca 2+ signal transduction related to photosynthesis have been discussed, the relationship between calcium and photosynthesis is seldom systematically summarized. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge of calcium’s role in photosynthesis.

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          Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis: The Basics

          M. G. H. Krause, Arthur Weis (1991)
          Article 0 comments Cited 601 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Arabidopsis gp91phox homologues AtrbohD and AtrbohF are required for accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates in the plant defense response.

            Miguel Ángel Torres, Jeffery Dangl, Jonathan D G Jones … (2002)
            Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) are strongly associated with plant defense responses. The origin of these ROI has been controversial. Arabidopsis respiratory burst oxidase homologues (rboh genes) have been proposed to play a role in ROI generation. We analyzed lines carrying dSpm insertions in the highly expressed AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes. Both are required for full ROI production observed during incompatible interactions with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000(avrRpm1) and the oomycete parasite Peronospora parasitica. We also observed reduced cell death, visualized by trypan blue stain and reduced electrolyte leakage, in the Atrboh mutants after DC3000(avrRpm1) inoculation. However, enhanced cell death is observed after infection of mutant lines with P. parasitica. Paradoxically, although atrbohD mutation eliminated the majority of total ROI production, atrbohF mutation exhibited the strongest effect on cell death.
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              NADPH oxidase AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes function in ROS-dependent ABA signaling in Arabidopsis.

              June M. Kwak, Izumi C. Mori, Zhen-Ming Pei … (2003)
              Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to function as second messengers in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in guard cells. However, the question whether ROS production is indeed required for ABA signal transduction in vivo has not yet been addressed, and the molecular mechanisms mediating ROS production during ABA signaling remain unknown. Here, we report identification of two partially redundant Arabidopsis guard cell-expressed NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit genes, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, in which gene disruption impairs ABA signaling. atrbohD/F double mutations impair ABA-induced stomatal closing, ABA promotion of ROS production, ABA-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) increases and ABA- activation of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-permeable channels in guard cells. Exogenous H(2)O(2) rescues both Ca(2+) channel activation and stomatal closing in atrbohD/F. ABA inhibition of seed germination and root elongation are impaired in atrbohD/F, suggesting more general roles for ROS and NADPH oxidases in ABA signaling. These data provide direct molecular genetic and cell biological evidence that ROS are rate-limiting second messengers in ABA signaling, and that the AtrbohD and AtrbohF NADPH oxidases function in guard cell ABA signal transduction.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 March 2019
                Publication date Collection: March 2019
                Volume: 20
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1353
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; quanwang0120@ 123456163.com
                [2 ]Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; yangsha0904@ 123456126.com
                [3 ]Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China; wanshubo2016@ 123456163.com
                [4 ]Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong Province, Jinan 250100, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: xinguol@ 123456163.com ; Tel.: +86-531-6665-9047
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-9808
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-20-01353
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061353
                PMC ID: 6471148
                PubMed ID: 30889814
                SO-VID: e0051b8f-e9cd-4cc6-9517-617981d1855b
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 21 January 2019
                Date accepted : 01 March 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: calcium,chloroplasts,photosynthesis,calmodulin,energy dissipation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: calcium, chloroplasts, photosynthesis, calmodulin, energy dissipation

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