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      Torsión testicular perinatal: resultados de 10 años de experiencia Translated title: Perinatal testicular torsion: results of 10 years of experience

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          Abstract

          Introducción: la torsión testicular perinatal es definida como la torsión del testículo en período prenatal, o dentro de los primeros 28 días de vida. Objetivo: evaluar los datos obtenidos de las historias clínicas, y proponer principios de tratamientos clínicos y quirúrgicos. Métodos: fueron revisadas retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de los recién nacidos operados con diagnóstico de torsión testicular en el servicio de cirugía pediátrica del Hospital Pediátrico "William Soler", entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2009. Resultados: 18 pacientes fueron elegibles para el estudio, 17 tenían torsión unilateral con testículo aumentado de tamaño duro e indoloro (94 %), 55 % tenían hidrocele contralateral, 16 pacientes nacieron a término, con más de 3 100 g de peso (88 %), y la torsión extravaginal y la afectación del testículo izquierdo se observó en 13 (72 %). Un caso fue bilateral asincrónico (6 %), pues el testículo izquierdo estaba torcido en la región inguinal, isquémico, pero no necrótico, y fue preservado. Dos casos (12 %) tenían torsión de tipo intravaginal, y uno de ellos se presentó, clínicamente, como escroto agudo. Se diagnosticó la afección en edades de 0 a 7 días en el 72 % de los casos. Se realizó orquiectomía sin exploración contralateral a 16 pacientes (88 %). La evolución fue satisfactoria en 17 (94 %). Conclusiones: la torsión testicular perinatal representa el 3,4 % de las afecciones quirúrgicas neonatales, y puede afectar un testículo no descendido. Se sugiere protocolizar el uso del ultrasonido doppler preoperatorio, y la exploración y fijación del testículo contralateral.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: the perinatal testicular torsion is defined as a twist of testicle in prenatal period or within the first 28 days of life. Objective: to assess the data obtained from the medical records and to propose the principles of clinical and surgical treatments. Methods: retrospectively the medical records of newborn operated on diagnosed with testicular torsion were reviewed admitted in the pediatric surgery service of the "William Soler" Teaching Children Hospital from January, 2000 to December, 2009. Results: eighteen patients were eligible for study, 17 had a unilateral torsion with a testicle of increase size, hard and painless (94 %), the 55 % had contralateral hydrocele, 16 patients born at term weighing more than 3 100 g (88 %), the extravaginal torsion and left testicle involvement was observed in 13 (72 %). A case had bilateral asynchronism (6 %), since the left testicle was twisted in the inguinal region with ischemia but not necrosis and could be preserved. Two cases (12 %) had torsion of intravaginal type and one of them was clinically presented as acute scrotum. The affection was diagnosed in ages from 0 to 7 days in the 72 % of cases. An orchiectomy was performed without contralateral exploration in 16 patients (88 %). Evolution was satisfactory in 17 cases (94 %). Conclusions: the perinatal testicular torsion accounts for the 3,4 % of neonatal surgical affections and may to involve a und-descent testicle. Authors suggest making a protocol of preoperative Doppler ultrasound and the exploration and fixation of contralateral testicle.

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          Testicular compartment syndrome: a new approach to conceptualizing and managing testicular torsion.

          Decompression of compartment syndrome is known to salvage tissues in numerous organ systems. To demonstrate evidence that testes exposed to prolonged ischemia exhibit compartment syndrome physiology and propose a novel technique in treating this phenomenon.
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            Management of perinatal torsion: today, tomorrow or never?

            Management of perinatal testicular torsion is a highly controversial issue. Despite uncommon salvage of the affected gonad, exploration for ipsilateral orchiectomy and empiric contralateral orchiopexy have been recommended due to the unlikely but unfortunate possibility of asynchronous torsion. Observation with serial examination is the alternative. Risk of general anesthesia must be weighed against the risk of anorchia. We describe our collective experience with bilateral perinatal torsion, solidifying our recommendation for early exploration in all cases of perinatal torsion. All cases of perinatal torsion from 3 practices during a 3-year period were reviewed. All practices were at an academic center or in a major metropolitan area. Early exploration for contralateral orchiopexy was performed in all cases. In 18 patients examination was consistent with unilateral perinatal torsion. Contralateral torsion was discovered at the time of exploration in 4 cases (22%). Despite orchiopexy of the better perfused gonad, atrophy was universal in these 4 cases. Findings potentially related to contralateral torsion were identified in 2 additional cases. No anesthetic or operative complications occurred. Bilateral asynchronous perinatal torsion is an uncommon but serious event. In our experience torsion of the contralateral gonad was not associated with signs or symptoms of acute torsion. Observation and serial examinations are then a challenging proposition. Due to the consistently poor outcome from bilateral asynchronous torsion, we continue to recommend early exploration and empiric contralateral orchiopexy for all cases of perinatal torsion. Parents must be counseled regarding the relative risks of exploration and anesthesia versus observation.
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              Neonatal bilateral testicular torsion: a plea for emergency exploration.

              Bilateral testicular torsion is a rare condition. Most authors present single case reports. Therefore, the clinical and surgical aspects of bilateral torsion in a neonate have not been subjected to detailed analysis. We performed a retrospective analysis of our experience in the management of bilateral perinatal torsion as well as a collective review of the medical literature. All cases of neonatal testicular torsion managed at our neonatal surgical center during the last 2 decades (1986 to 2005) were reviewed, and 3 cases of bilateral torsion were identified. In addition, 45 neonatal cases of bilateral torsion were found through the literature search. In all cases data regarding clinical presentation, imaging studies, surgical management, intraoperative and pathological findings, and final outcome were analyzed. Synchronous torsion occurred in 32 of 48 newborns (67%), while asynchronous pathology was reported in 16 (33%), including the 3 presented in this report. All except 1 patient were full-term newborns with normal or above average birth weight. Difficult delivery was noted in 33% of the cases. Despite prompt surgical intervention in 46 infants, the salvage rate was low, with arterial flow confirmed postoperatively in only 3 gonads (3.1%). Four gonads in 3 additional patients were reported to be of normal size on followup. Asynchronous torsion is not as rare an event as previously reported, and it may pose a diagnostic challenge. In the majority of these cases torsion of the left testis seems to occur later than torsion of the right testis. The role of imaging studies in newborns with bilateral torsion seems to be limited, especially in cases of asynchronous pathology. Urgent bilateral exploration is strongly advised in all newborns presenting with either unilateral or bilateral torsion. Such policy carries diagnostic, potential therapeutic and prognostic implications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ped
                Revista Cubana de Pediatría
                Rev Cubana Pediatr
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas; Editorial Ciencias Médicas (La Habana, , Cuba )
                0034-7531
                1561-3119
                December 2011
                : 83
                : 4
                : 365-371
                Affiliations
                [01] La Habana orgnameHospital Pediátrico Universitario William Soler Cuba
                [02] La Habana orgnameFacultad Comandante Manuel Fajardo Cuba
                Article
                S0034-75312011000400004 S0034-7531(11)08300404
                dfd6504c-d839-4014-9c69-15bdb68652b7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 August 2011
                : 02 June 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                escroto agudo,perinatal testicular torsion,newborn,acute scrotum,torsión testicular perinatal,recién nacido

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