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      Knowledge and practice of preconception care among women in southeastern Mexico Translated title: Conocimientos y prácticas de atención preconcepcional en mujeres del sureste de México Translated title: Conhecimento e prática de cuidados pré-concepcionais entre mulheres do sudeste do México

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Preconception care is intended to increase the chances of a favorable perinatal outcome; little is known about it in low- and middle income countries in Latin America.

          Objective:

          To evaluate the knowledge and practices of PCC and its relationship with sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics in women of childbearing age in southeastern Mexico.

          Materials and Methods:

          A cross-sectional study was conducted with 138 women attending health care centers. Consecutive sampling was used, and data were collected with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis involved the calculation of frequencies, percentages, and inferential tests.

          Results:

          Women's APC knowledge score obtained a mean of 13.3 ± 3.24 and for practices a mean of 8.13 ± 3.44 scores considered low for both. Knowledge of APC obtained a relationship with schooling (rs.460, p < .05), monthly economic income (rs =.334, p < .05). In addition, a positive and significant relationship was obtained between knowledge and practice of CPA (rs=.267, p < .05).

          Discussion:

          These findings are consistent with results reported in studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries.

          Conclusions:

          There is a relatively low level of knowledge and adoption of CPA practices in women of childbearing age in southern Mexico, and it is related to education and socioeconomic income, which places them in a population group at high risk for maternal and child health problems.

          Resumen

          Introducción:

          La atención preconcepcional tiene la finalidad de aumentar las posibilidades de un resultado perinatal favorable, se conoce poco de ella en países de bajos y medianos ingresos en América Latina.

          Objetivo:

          Evaluar el conocimiento y prácticas de la APC y su relación con características sociodemográficas y obstétricas en mujeres en edad fértil en el sureste de México.

          Materiales y Métodos:

          Se realizó un estudio transversal con 138 mujeres que asistieron a centros de atención. Se utilizó un muestreo consecutivo y los datos se recogieron con un cuestionario estructurado. El análisis de datos implicó el cálculo de frecuencias, porcentajes y pruebas inferenciales.

          Resultados:

          La puntuación de las mujeres sobre conocimiento de APC obtuvo una media de 13,3 ± 3,24 y para prácticas una media de 8,13 ± 3,44 puntuaciones consideradas como bajas para ambas. El conocimiento de APC obtuvo una relación con la escolaridad (rs.460, p < ,05), el ingreso económico mensual (rs =,334, p < ,05). Además, se obtuvo una relación positiva y significativa entre conocimiento y práctica de la APC (rs=,267, p < ,05).

          Discusión:

          Estos hallazgos coinciden con los resultados reportados en estudios realizados en países de bajos y medianos ingresos.

          Conclusiones:

          Hay un nivel relativamente bajo de conocimiento y adopción de prácticas de APC en mujeres en edad fértil en el sur de México, y se relaciona con la educación y el ingreso socioeconómico, lo que las coloca en un grupo poblacional de alto riesgo de problemas de salud materno- infantil.

          Resumo

          Introdujo:

          A assistencia pré-concepcional tem como objetivo aumentar as chances de um resultado perinatal favorável; pouco se sabe sobre ela em países de baixa e média renda da América Latina.

          Objetivo:

          Avaliar o conhecimento e as práticas de APC e sua relagáo com características sociodemográficas e obstetrícia em mulheres em idade fértil no sudeste do México.

          Materiais e Métodos:

          Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 138 mulheres frequentadoras de centros de atendimento. Foi utilizada amostragem consecutiva e os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário estruturado. A análise dos dados envolveu cálculo de frequencias, porcentagens e testes inferenciais.

          Resultados:

          A pontuagáo das mulheres no conhecimento da APC obteve média de 13,3 ± 3,24 e para práticas médias de 8,13 ± 3,44, pontuagóes consideradas baixas para ambos. APC obteve relagáo com a escolaridade (rs.460, p < 0,05), renda económica mensal (rs = 0,334, p < 0,05). Além disso, obteve-se uma relagáo positiva e significativa entre o conhecimento e a prática de APC (rs = 0,267, p < 0,05).

          Discussao:

          Os resultados coincidem com os resultados relatados em estudos realizados em países de baixa e média renda.

          Conclusóes:

          Há um nivel relativamente baixo de conhecimento e adogáo de práticas de APC em mulheres no sul do México e está relacionado a educagáo e a renda socioeconómica, o que as coloca num grupo populacional de alto risco para problemas de saúde materno-infantil.

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          Most cited references29

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          • Book: not found

          Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

          Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Revised Edition emphasizes the importance of statistical power analysis. This edition discusses the concepts and types of power analysis, t test for means, significance of a product moment rs, and differences between correlation coefficients. The test that a proportion is .50 and sign test, differences between proportions, and chi-square tests for goodness of fit and contingency tables are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the F tests of variance proportions in multiple regression/correlation analysis and computational procedures. This publication is intended for behavioral and biosocial scientists who use statistical inference, but also serves as a supplementary textbook for intermediate level courses in applied statistics in behavioral/biosocial science.
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            Before the beginning: nutrition and lifestyle in the preconception period and its importance for future health

            A woman who is healthy at the time of conception is more likely to have a successful pregnancy and a healthy child. We reviewed published evidence and present new data from high, low and middle income countries on the timing and importance of preconception health for subsequent maternal and child health. We describe the extent to which pregnancy is planned, and whether planning is linked to preconception health behaviours. Observational studies show strong links between health before pregnancy and maternal and child health outcomes, with consequences that can extend across generations, but awareness of these links is not widespread. Poor nutrition and obesity are rife among women of reproductive age, and differences between high and lower income countries have become less distinct, with typical diets falling far short of nutritional recommendations in both settings and especially among adolescents. Numerous studies show that micronutrient supplementation starting in pregnancy can correct important maternal nutrient deficiencies, but effects on child health outcomes are disappointing. Other interventions to improve diet during pregnancy have had little impact on maternal and newborn health outcomes. There have been comparatively few attempts at preconception diet and lifestyle intervention. Improvements in the measurement of pregnancy planning have quantified the degree of pregnancy planning and suggest that this is more common than previously recognised. Planning for pregnancy is associated with a mixed pattern of health behaviours before conception. We propose novel definitions of the preconception period relating to embryo development and to action at individual or population level. A sharper focus on intervention before conception is needed to improve maternal and child health and reduce the growing burden of non-communicable disease. Alongside continued efforts to reduce smoking, alcohol and obesity in the population, we call for heightened awareness of preconception health, particularly regarding diet and nutrition. Importantly health professionals should be alerted to ways of identifying women who are planning a pregnancy.
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              Influence of maternal obesity on the long-term health of offspring.

              In addition to immediate implications for pregnancy complications, increasing evidence implicates maternal obesity as a major determinant of offspring health during childhood and later adult life. Observational studies provide evidence for effects of maternal obesity on her offspring's risks of obesity, coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and asthma. Maternal obesity could also lead to poorer cognitive performance and increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including cerebral palsy. Preliminary evidence suggests potential implications for immune and infectious-disease-related outcomes. Insights from experimental studies support causal effects of maternal obesity on offspring outcomes, which are mediated at least partly through changes in epigenetic processes, such as alterations in DNA methylation, and perhaps through alterations in the gut microbiome. Although the offspring of obese women who lose weight before pregnancy have a reduced risk of obesity, few controlled intervention studies have been done in which maternal obesity is reversed and the consequences for offspring have been examined. Because the long-term effects of maternal obesity could have profound public health implications, there is an urgent need for studies on causality, underlying mechanisms, and effective interventions to reverse the epidemic of obesity in women of childbearing age and to mitigate consequences for offspring.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Cuid
                Rev Cuid
                cuid
                Revista Cuidarte
                Programa de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander UDES
                2216-0973
                2346-3414
                02 August 2024
                May-Aug 2024
                : 15
                : 2
                : e3512
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México. E-mail: nora.hernandezmz@uanl.edu.mx normalizedUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Mexico nora.hernandezmz@ 123456uanl.edu.mx
                [2 ] originalUniversidad Autónoma del Campeche. E-mail: andreapprzc@gmail.com normalizedUniversidad Autónoma de Campeche orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Campeche Mexico andreapprzc@ 123456gmail.com
                [3 ] originalUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México. E-mail: velia.cardenasvl@uanl.edu.mx normalizedUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Mexico velia.cardenasvl@ 123456uanl.edu.mx
                [4 ] originalUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México. E-mail: norma.cruzch@uanl.edu.mx normalizedUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Mexico norma.cruzch@ 123456uanl.edu.mx
                [5 ] originalUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México. E-mail: jsantosen0347@uanl.edu.mx normalizedUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Mexico jsantosen0347@ 123456uanl.edu.mx
                Author notes
                * Correspondence Velia Margarita Cárdenas Villarreal. E-mail: velia.cardenasvl@ 123456uanl.edu.mx
                Article
                00010
                10.15649/cuidarte.3512
                11806993
                40114695
                dfcb1d91-a90a-45c0-b03f-d088ddb29fa4

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 28 October 2023
                : 12 June 2024
                : 02 August 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 0
                Categories
                Research Article

                preconception care,women,healthy lifestyles,reproductive health,knowledge,atención preconceptiva,mujeres,estilos de vida saludable,salud reproductiva,conocimiento,cuidados pré-concepcional,mulheres,estilo de vida saudável,saúde reproductiva,conhecimento

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