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      The subtalar joint : A complex mechanism

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          • Subtalar joint anatomy is complex and can vary significantly between individuals.

          • Movement is affected by several adjacent joints, ligaments and periarticular tendons.

          • The subtalar joint has gained interest from foot and ankle surgeons in recent years, but its importance in hindfoot disorders is still under debate.

          • The purpose of this article is to give a general overview of the anatomy, biomechanics and radiographic assessment of the subtalar joint.

          • The influence of the subtalar joint on the evolution of ankle joint osteoarthritis is additionally discussed.

          Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:309-316. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160050

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          The hindfoot alignment view.

          Charles Saltzman, G Khoury (1995)
          A modification of Cobey's method for radiographically imaging the coronal plane alignment of the hindfoot is described. Using this view, we estimated the moment arm between the weightbearing axis of the leg and the contact point of the heel. Normative data on 57 asymptomatic adult subjects are presented. The weightbearing line of the tibia falls within 8 mm of the lowest calcaneal point in 80% of subjects and within 15 mm of the lowest calcaneal point in 95% of subjects. The technique for measuring coronal plane hindfoot alignment is reliable, with an interobserver correlation coefficient of 0.97. This radiographic technique should help in the evaluation of complex hindfoot malalignments.
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            Posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis after ankle-related fractures.

            Victor Valderrabano, Beat Hintermann, Monika Horisberger (2008)
            The present study analyzes etiologies, pathomechanisms, and predisposing factors that lead to the development and progression of posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis (OA) after ankle-related fractures. Retrospective cohort study. Tertiary health care center. The underlying cohort was 257 painful end-stage ankle OA patients (270 cases) presenting to the authors' clinic. Patients from this cohort with a history of ankle-related fracture (141 patients) were evaluated. Analysis of individual clinical and radiologic history since the time of injury; physical and radiologic examination at the time of ankle OA. OA latency time, fracture type, treatment methods, complication of fracture healing, soft tissue situation, age, pain score, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle score, range of motion, radiologic tibiotalar alignment, and radiologic ankle OA grading were evaluated. The latency time between injury and end-stage ankle OA was 20.9 years (1-52 years). Malleolar fracture was the most common fracture (53.2%). A negative correlation of the OA latency time with the fracture severity was observed for some fracture types (pilon fractures, r = -0.4, P < 0.01). Patients with complications during the healing process showed significantly shorter OA latency time (P < 0.01). The patients' age at time of injury correlated negatively with the OA latency time (r = -0.6, P < 0.01). The present study addresses the link between ankle-related fractures and secondary posttraumatic ankle OA. The latency time between injury and OA depends on fracture type and severity, occurrence of complications in the healing process, and patient-related factors, for example, age.
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              Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: an evidence-based clinical guideline.

              Gino Kerkhoffs, Michel P.J. van den Bekerom, Leon Elders … (2012)
              Ankle injuries are a huge medical and socioeconomic problem. Many people have a traumatic injury of the ankle, most of which are a result of sports. Total costs of treatment and work absenteeism due to ankle injuries are high. The prevention of recurrences can result in large savings on medical costs. A multidisciplinary clinical practice guideline was developed with the aim to prevent further health impairment of patients with acute lateral ankle ligament injuries by giving recommendations with respect to improved diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. The recommendations are based on evidence from published scientific research, which was extensively discussed by the guideline committee. This clinical guideline is helpful for healthcare providers who are involved in the management of patients with ankle injuries.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): EFORT Open Rev
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): EFORT Open Rev
                Title: EFORT Open Reviews
                Publisher: British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery
                ISSN (Electronic): 2058-5241
                Publication date Collection: July 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 July 2017
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 309-316
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
                [2 ]Mein Fusszentrum, Eichenstrasse 31, 4054 Basel, Switzerland
                Author notes
                [*]Markus Knupp, Mein Fusszentrum, Eichenstrasse 31, 4054 Basel, Switzerland. Email: markus.knupp@ 123456meinfusszentrum.ch
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1302_2058-5241.2.160050
                DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160050
                PMC ID: 5549175
                PubMed ID: 28828179
                SO-VID: df8ea012-50ab-4f22-9ecc-e1f4a43e3072
                Copyright © © 2017 The author(s)
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) licence ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Foot & Ankle
                Subject: 3
                Subject: Subtalar Joint
                Subject: Hindfoot
                Subject: Malalignment
                Subject: Osteoarthritis

                Keywords: subtalar joint,hindfoot,malalignment,osteoarthritis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: subtalar joint, hindfoot, malalignment, osteoarthritis

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