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      Biomass-derived carbon dots: synthesis, modification and application in batteries

      review-article
      Author(s): a , a , b , , a , , a , a , a , , a
      Publication date (Electronic, pub):
      Publication date (Electronic, collection):
      Journal: Chemical Science
      Publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry

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          Abstract

          Biomass-derived carbon dots (BCDs) have attracted considerable attention for their promising attributes, including low toxicity, excellent solubility, biocompatibility, and eco-friendliness. Their rich surface chemistry and impressive photoluminescent properties have sparked widespread research interest, particularly in areas such as sensing and biomedicine. However, the potential applications of BCDs in the energy sector, especially in electrochemical energy storage batteries, have received scant review focus. This article systematically consolidates the selection of carbon sources, synthesis methods, modification strategies, and the corresponding characterization techniques for BCDs. Application strategies in energy storage batteries are explored, with the underlying connection between the role of BCDs in batteries and their structural properties being analyzed, providing comprehensive insights from synthesis and characterization to application. Furthermore, a preliminary discussion is initiated on the current limitations in material regulation and design within research, and potential avenues for enhancement are proposed.

          Abstract

          The review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in harnessing BCDs for electrochemical energy storage applications.

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          Most cited references167

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          Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide 'clay' with high volumetric capacitance.

          Michael Ghidiu, Maria R. Lukatskaya, Meng-Qiang Zhao … (2014)
          Safe and powerful energy storage devices are becoming increasingly important. Charging times of seconds to minutes, with power densities exceeding those of batteries, can in principle be provided by electrochemical capacitors--in particular, pseudocapacitors. Recent research has focused mainly on improving the gravimetric performance of the electrodes of such systems, but for portable electronics and vehicles volume is at a premium. The best volumetric capacitances of carbon-based electrodes are around 300 farads per cubic centimetre; hydrated ruthenium oxide can reach capacitances of 1,000 to 1,500 farads per cubic centimetre with great cyclability, but only in thin films. Recently, electrodes made of two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2, a member of the 'MXene' family), produced by etching aluminium from titanium aluminium carbide (Ti3AlC2, a 'MAX' phase) in concentrated hydrofluoric acid, have been shown to have volumetric capacitances of over 300 farads per cubic centimetre. Here we report a method of producing this material using a solution of lithium fluoride and hydrochloric acid. The resulting hydrophilic material swells in volume when hydrated, and can be shaped like clay and dried into a highly conductive solid or rolled into films tens of micrometres thick. Additive-free films of this titanium carbide 'clay' have volumetric capacitances of up to 900 farads per cubic centimetre, with excellent cyclability and rate performances. This capacitance is almost twice that of our previous report, and our synthetic method also offers a much faster route to film production as well as the avoidance of handling hazardous concentrated hydrofluoric acid.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1519 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The chemistry of two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets.

            Manish Chhowalla, Hyeon Suk Shin, Goki Eda … (2013)
            Ultrathin two-dimensional nanosheets of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are fundamentally and technologically intriguing. In contrast to the graphene sheet, they are chemically versatile. Mono- or few-layered TMDs - obtained either through exfoliation of bulk materials or bottom-up syntheses - are direct-gap semiconductors whose bandgap energy, as well as carrier type (n- or p-type), varies between compounds depending on their composition, structure and dimensionality. In this Review, we describe how the tunable electronic structure of TMDs makes them attractive for a variety of applications. They have been investigated as chemically active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and hydrosulfurization, as well as electrically active materials in opto-electronics. Their morphologies and properties are also useful for energy storage applications such as electrodes for Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors.
            Article 0 comments Cited 1241 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              A high-capacity and long-life aqueous rechargeable zinc battery using a metal oxide intercalation cathode

              Dipan Kundu, Brian Adams, Victor Duffort … (2016)
              Article 0 comments Cited 993 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Chem Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Chem Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): SC
                Journal ID (coden): CSHCBM
                Title: Chemical Science
                Publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry
                ISSN (Print): 2041-6520
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-6539
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 25 February 2025
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): 19 March 2025
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 February 2025
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 4937-4970
                Affiliations
                [a ] College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China hs-hou@ 123456csu.edu.cn thomas153@ 123456126.com
                [b ] Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China lq-xu@ 123456csust.edu.cn
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7688-1075
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9156-0438
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-6190
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8201-4614
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-7913
                Article
                Publisher ID: d4sc08659g
                DOI: 10.1039/d4sc08659g
                PMC ID: 11877355
                PubMed ID: 40046072
                SO-VID: ded389f9-3ce6-4877-a21b-94f41e9a1cae
                Copyright © This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry
                License:

                This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                Date received : 23 December 2024
                Date accepted : 23 February 2025
                Page count
                Pages: 34
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, doi 10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 52074359
                Award ID: 22379165
                Award ID: U21A20284
                Award ID: U22B2069
                Funded by: Changsha University of Science and Technology, doi 10.13039/501100004832;
                Award ID: 2024ZNDL006
                Funded by: Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province, doi 10.13039/501100019081;
                Award ID: 2021RC3014
                Funded by: Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province, doi 10.13039/501100019081;
                Award ID: 2024JJ6709
                Categories
                Subject: Chemistry
                Custom metadata
                pubstatus Paginated Article

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