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      Flora y Vegetación de la Reserva de la Biosfera Zicuirán-Infiernillo, Michoacán, México Translated title: Flora and Vegetation of the Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve, Michoacán, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: Entender la distribución y composición de los ecosistemas es fundamental para la conservación. Los estudios florísticos y de vegetación son de vital importancia en las Áreas Naturales Protegidas dado que albergan recursos biológicos invaluables y son laboratorios naturales para estudios ecológicos. Preguntas: ¿Qué especies y tipos de vegetación se encuentran en la Reserva de la Biosfera Zicuirán-Infiernillo? ¿Cuáles son las características de la vegetación? ¿Qué especies tienen nombres comunes, son endémicas y/o de interés para la conservación? Descripción de datos: Plantas vasculares, tipos de vegetación. Sitio y años de estudio: Reserva de la Biosfera Zicuirán-Infiernillo, Michoacán, México; 1996 a 2020. Métodos: Trabajo de campo, trabajo de herbario y revisión de literatura. Resultados: El bosque tropical caducifolio es el tipo de vegetación más extenso. Se documentan 125 familias, 551 géneros y 1,139 especies. Las familias más diversas son Fabaceae (165 especies), Asteraceae (99), Poaceae (84) y Euphorbiaceae (77). Euphorbia (33), Ipomoea (25) y Bursera (21) son los géneros más diversos. Al menos 14 especies son endémicas, mientras otras 62 son endémicas regionales. Veintiún especies se incluyen en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y 30 tienen una categoría de riesgo en la Lista Roja de la IUCN. Conclusiones: La Reserva de la Biosfera Zicuirán-Infiernillo alberga una flora diversa y vegetación bien conservada. Se espera que este estudio promueva las investigaciones sobre la biota de la reserva para llegar a un entendimiento integral de sus ecosistemas y consolidar esfuerzos de conservación.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: Understanding the distribution and composition of ecosystems is fundamental for conservation efforts. Floristic and vegetational studies are especially important in nature reserves because they house biological resources and serve as natural laboratories. Questions: What species and vegetation types are present in the Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve? What are the characteristics of the vegetation? Which species have local names, are endemic, and/or are of conservation concern? Data description: Vascular plants and vegetation of the Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve. Study site and dates: The Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve, Michoacán, Mexico; 1996-2020. Methods: Field work, herbarium work, and literature review. Results: Tropical deciduous forest is the most extensive vegetation. 125 families, 551 genera, and 1139 species are documented. The most diverse families are Fabaceae (165 species), Asteraceae (99), Poaceae (84), and Euphorbiaceae (77). Euphorbia (33), Ipomoea (25), and Bursera (21) are the most speciose genera. At least 13 species are endemic to the area. An additional 62 species are endemic when considering the “tierra caliente” of Michoacán and adjacent regions of the Balsas Depression in Jalisco and Guerrero. Twenty-one species are included in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, and 30 species have been assessed with a risk category in the IUCN Red List. Conclusions: The Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve houses a diverse flora and extensive, well-conserved areas of tropical deciduous forest. It is hoped that this study stimulates further research on the biota of Reserve in order to achieve an integral understanding the area’s ecosystems and solidify conservation efforts.

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          An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV

          (2016)
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            Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico

            Abstract: An updated inventory of the native vascular plants of Mexico records 23,314 species, distributed in 2,854 genera, 297 families, and 73 orders. The flora includes 1,039 species of ferns and lycophytes, 149 gymnosperms, and 22,126 angiosperms. On average, the number of synonyms per species is 1.3 (mode = 1). The number of species places Mexico as the country with the fourth largest floristic richness in the world, although among the non-insular countries, by its number of endemic species (about 50%) is second only surpassed by South Africa. The species distribution among higher taxonomic categories, and the richness and endemism values in the 32 states of Mexico are discussed. This compilation allows us to assess the flora's contribution to the overall Mexican biodiversity.
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              Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities

              Invasive alien species (IAS) threaten human livelihoods and biodiversity globally. Increasing globalization facilitates IAS arrival, and environmental changes, including climate change, facilitate IAS establishment. Here we provide the first global, spatial analysis of the terrestrial threat from IAS in light of twenty-first century globalization and environmental change, and evaluate national capacities to prevent and manage species invasions. We find that one-sixth of the global land surface is highly vulnerable to invasion, including substantial areas in developing economies and biodiversity hotspots. The dominant invasion vectors differ between high-income countries (imports, particularly of plants and pets) and low-income countries (air travel). Uniting data on the causes of introduction and establishment can improve early-warning and eradication schemes. Most countries have limited capacity to act against invasions. In particular, we reveal a clear need for proactive invasion strategies in areas with high poverty levels, high biodiversity and low historical levels of invasion.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bs
                Botanical Sciences
                Bot. sci
                Sociedad Botánica de México A.C. (México, DF, Mexico )
                2007-4298
                2007-4476
                September 2021
                : 99
                : 3
                : 661-707
                Affiliations
                [1] Querétaro orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Querétaro orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Mexico
                Article
                S2007-42982021000300661 S2007-4298(21)09900300661
                10.17129/botsci.2706
                de7390c4-fb75-4d0a-85bd-df8fab5a9bbf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 January 2021
                : 02 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 47
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Taxonomía y florística

                tropical deciduous forest,Red List,NOM-059,floristics,endemism,Balsas Depression,Lista Roja,florística,endemismo,Cuenca del Balsas,Bosque tropical caducifolio

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