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      Líneas de café resistentes a la roya en una localidad del Estado Táchira, Venezuela

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          Abstract

          Con el fin de seleccionar material genético resistente a la roya, Hemileia vastatrix Berk y Br., principal enfermedad que limita la alta producción del café, Coffea arabica L., de porte bajo y adaptadas a un uso menos intensivo de insumos, se evaluaron en una localidad del estado Táchira, 20 líneas de café derivadas del híbrido de Timor: Catimores, Cavimores y otras provenientes de germoplasma Etíope. Al segundo año de edad se registraron las variables morfológicas altura de la planta y diámetro de la base del tallo. Durante las cuatro primeras cosechas comerciales se evaluó la producción de café cereza por planta y una muestra fue beneficiada vía húmeda para estimar el rendimiento en beneficio y la producción de café oro. Se registró además la precocidad en la maduración de los frutos, el porcentaje de granos vanos y el tamaño del grano. Para todas las variables de rendimiento (café cereza por planta, café oro ha-1 y porcentaje de granos vanos) existe un efecto altamente significativo de los genotipos. Lo mismo sucede con el tamaño de la semilla y precocidad. Todas las líneas superaron en producción a la variedad Catuaí usada como testigo. Sin embargo, algunas deben ser descartadas si se toman los demás criterios de selección. El análisis muestra una correlación entre el rendimiento y el diámetro de la base del tallo, corroborando la importancia de esta variable en la selección temprana de progenies en un programa de mejoramiento de café.

          Translated abstract

          Coffee rust, Hemileia vastatrix Berk and Br., is the main production limiting disease of coffee in Venezuela. To obtain genetic material resistant or tolerant to this disease, of high production and short plants, 20 lines of Catimors, Cavimors, Sarchimors and others from Ethiopian germplasm were evaluated in one location of Tachira. During the second year after planting, a record of plant height and basal stem diameter was carried out. The production of berry beans per plant was recorded for the first four commercial harvesting, and a sample of each was processed using water to estimate the production of green coffee. Precocity of fruit ripening, blasted grain percentage, and seed size were recorded too. The latter was expressed as percentage of coffee greater than 17/64 inches of diameter or premium coffe. For all the yield variables (berry beans per plant, green coffee per ha, seed size, precocity, and percentage of blasted grain) there was a highly significant effect for the genotypes and years but no significant effect for their interaction. All the screened coffee lines yielded more than the Catuaí variety used as control. Some lines yielded a high production, had a low percentage of blasted grains, and had a good seed size. The line of Sarchimor MC-06 origin was the best with a yield superior to the control in 53%, and a percentage of 82,65 of premium coffee.

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          The origin of cultivated Coffea arabica L. varieties revealed by AFLP and SSR markers.

          Molecular markers were used to assess polymorphism between and within the genetic bases of coffee (i.e. Typica and Bourbon) spread from Yemen since the early 18th century that have given rise to most arabica cultivars grown world-wide. Eleven Coffea arabica accessions derived from the disseminated bases were evaluated by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) using 37 primer combinations and simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) produced by six microsatellites. Four cultivars growing in Yemen and 11 subspontaneous accessions collected in the primary centre of diversity of the species were included in the study in order to define their relationship with the accessions derived from the genetic bases of cultivars. One hundred and seven AFLP markers were used to calculate genetic distances and construct a dendrogram. The accessions derived from the disseminated bases were grouped separately, according to their genetic origin, and were distinguished from the subspontaneous accessions. The Yemen cultivars were classified with the Typica-derived accessions. Except for one AFLP marker, all AFLP and SSR markers present in the cultivated accessions were also detected in the subspontaneous accessions. Polymorphism among the subspontaneous accessions was much higher than among the cultivated accessions. It was very low within the genetic bases, confirming the historical documentation on their dissemination. The results enabled a discussion of the genetic diversity reductions that successively occurred during the dissemination of C. arabica from its primary centre of diversity.
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            Early determination of yield potential in arabica coffee by applying index selection

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              AVALIAÇÃO DE PROGÊNIES DERIVADAS DO HÍBRIDO DE TIMOR COM RESISTÊNCIA AO AGENTE DA FERRUGEM

              A ferrugem alaranjada das folhas (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br.) é a principal moléstia do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica) no Brasil. Numerosos híbridos portadores de fatores genéticos que conferem resistência às raças desse fungo foram sintetizados e testados no Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC) em Oeiras, Portugal. Dentre esses híbridos, destacam-se os derivados do cruzamento entre as variedades Caturra Vermelho x Híbrido de Timor (CV x HT) e Vila Sarchi x Híbrido de Timor (VS x HT). A partir de 1968, progênies de Caturra Vermelho x Híbrido de Timor e Vila Sarchi x Híbrido de Timor foram enviadas pelo CIFC ao Instituto Agronômico e, posteriormente, a vários outros centros experimentais para fins de seleção. Em 1982, instalou-se no Centro Experimental de Campinas um experimento (EP299), contendo 30 progênies de CV x HT, 12 de VS x HT e 15 de `Catuaí', sendo 9 de `Catuaí Amarelo' e 6 de `Catuaí Vermelho'. Nenhum tratamento fitossanitário foi feito para controlar o agente da ferrugem. O mate-rial foi avaliado quanto à produção, colhendo-se as plantas individualmente em 1984-89, e quanto ao aspecto vegetativo associado à produção, maturação dos frutos, altura e diâmetro da copa e incidência da ferrugem. A progênie de Catuaí Vermelho LCH2077-2-5-81-2 foi utilizada como testemunha. Verificou-se a existência de alta correlação positiva entre todas as variáveis estudadas. Os tratamentos puderam ser classificados em dois grupos, segundo a análise em componentes principais (ACP). O primeiro grupo é representado pelas linhagens dos cultivares Catuaí Vermelho e Catuaí Amarelo e o segundo grupo, pelos derivados de CV x HT e VS x HT. As plantas pertencentes ao primeiro grupo são mais produtivas, têm maior índice de avaliação visual (IAV), são mais tardias e suscetíveis ao agente da ferrugem, são mais altas e apresentam maior diâmetro da copa do que as do segundo grupo. Material bastante promissor foi observado na população C2591-5 derivada de CV x HT, que além de produtivo apresenta resistência ao agente da ferrugem. Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk.& Br.) is the main coffee disease in State of São Paulo, Brazil. Hybrids of selected resistant coffee plants and short sized commercial Coffea arabica cultivars, as Caturra Vermelho and Vila Sarchi, originally developed at the CIFC, Oeiras, Portugal, have been selected for rust resistance and high yield in many experimental coffee centers in Brazil. This paper reports a comparative study of the hybrids selected at the Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, São Paulo State, with the most promising progenies developed in the States of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Paraná. An experimental trial, EP299, was established in Campinas in 1982 in a randomized block design with seven replications, with 30 progenies of the hybrid Caturra Vermelho x Híbrido de Timor (CV x HT), 12 of Vila Sarchi x Híbrido de Timor (VS x HT), and 15 of `Catuaí', in plots of two hills and a single plant per hill. Catuaí progeny, CH2077-2-5-81-2, without chemical treatment against rust disease, was used as control. Results of variance analysis indicated differences in the total yield (1984-1989) of the progenies. Among the three highest yielding progenies, two were from Catuaí and one from CV x HT. The results showed that the average of the Visual Evaluation Index was higher for the Catuaí progenies, however, plants with good vegetative aspect could also be found among the highest yielding progenies of CV x HT and VS x HT. The average value for fruit ripening indicated that the CV x HT and VS x HT progenies present early maturation than Catuaí. In relation to rust infection there were homozygous progenies for resistance in CV x HT and VS x HT. Catuaí progenies were rust susceptible. High positive correlation was observed among the variables studied. It was possible to classify the treatments in two groups according to a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The first one is represented by the Catuaí Vermelho and Catuaí Amarelo, and the second, by plants derived from CV x HT and VS x HT. In the former group, plants were more productive, with higher Visual Evaluation Index (IAV), late fruit ripening, susceptible to the leaf rust disease agent, taller and with higher canopy diameter than in the second one. Highly promising high yield plants were observed in the C2591-5 population, derived from CV x HT, that exhibited also resistance to coffee rust disease.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
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                Journal
                at
                Agronomía Tropical
                Agronomía Trop.
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas INIA de Venezuela (Maracay )
                0002-192X
                January 2004
                : 54
                : 1
                : 75-91
                Affiliations
                [1 ] INIA Venezuela
                Article
                S0002-192X2004000100006
                de6ae3f8-54a9-4f83-ad73-f309eaac35e5

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0002-192X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                Coffee arabica L.,genetic improvement,varieties,production,Hemileia vastatrix Berk and Br.,Hemileia vastatrix Berk y Br.,mejoramiento genético,variedades,producción

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