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      Cerebral venous thrombosis

      , , ,
      Nature Reviews Neurology
      Springer Nature

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          Abstract

          Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a prominent cause of stroke, particularly in young adults. Knowledge of this condition has greatly increased in the past two decades, primarily owing to new data from international patient registries. This Review provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of CVT, with a focus on new advances in the field.

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          Most cited references117

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          Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT).

          The natural history and long-term prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) have not been examined previously by adequately powered prospective studies. We performed a multinational (21 countries), multicenter (89 centers), prospective observational study. Patients were followed up at 6 months and yearly thereafter. Primary outcome was death or dependence as assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score >2 at the end of follow-up. From May 1998 to May 2001, 624 adult patients with CVT were registered. At the end of follow-up (median 16 months), 356 patients (57.1%) had no symptom or signs (mRS=0), 137 (22%) had minor residual symptoms (mRS=1), and 47 (7.5%) had mild impairments (mRS=2). Eighteen (2.9%) were moderately impaired (mRS=3), 14 (2.2%) were severely handicapped (mRS=4 or 5), and 52 (8.3%) had died. Multivariate predictors of death or dependence were age >37 years (hazard ratio [HR]=2.0), male sex (HR=1.6), coma (HR=2.7), mental status disorder (HR=2.0), hemorrhage on admission CT scan (HR=1.9), thrombosis of the deep cerebral venous system (HR=2.9), central nervous system infection (HR=3.3), and cancer (HR=2.9). Fourteen patients (2.2%) had a recurrent sinus thrombosis, 27 (4.3%) had other thrombotic events, and 66 (10.6%) had seizures. The prognosis of CVT is better than reported previously. A subgroup (13%) of clinically identifiable CVT patients is at increased risk of bad outcome. These high-risk patients may benefit from more aggressive therapeutic interventions, to be studied in randomized clinical trials.
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            Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses.

            Jan Stam (2005)
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              Cerebral venous thrombosis: an update.

              Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare type of cerebrovascular disease that can occur at any age, including in neonates, and it accounts for 0.5% of all stroke. The widespread use of neuroimaging now allows for early diagnosis and has completely modified our knowledge on this disorder. CVT is more common than previously thought and it is recognised as a non-septic disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, numerous causes, and usually a favourable outcome with a low mortality rate. MRI with T1, T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and T2* sequences combined with magnetic resonance angiography are the best diagnostic methods. D-dimer concentrations are raised in most patients but normal D-dimers do not rule out CVT, particularly in patients who present with isolated headache. Heparin is the first-line treatment, but in a few cases more aggressive treatments, such as local intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and decompressive hemicraniectomy, may be required.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nature Reviews Neurology
                Nat Rev Neurol
                Springer Nature
                1759-4758
                1759-4766
                August 18 2017
                August 18 2017
                :
                :
                Article
                10.1038/nrneurol.2017.104
                28820187
                de6ac707-ad6e-4c27-aeef-b1209b5894f1
                © 2017
                History

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