The combined effects of probiotic CLOSTAT® and Aviboost® supplement on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune response of broiler chickens

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Abstract

The present study assessed the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic CLOSTAT®, alone or in combination with Aviboost® supplement, on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and immune response in broiler chickens. A total of 600 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into three groups: G1 (non-treated negative control group), G2 (probiotic CLOSTAT®- and Aviboost®-treated group), and G3 (probiotic CLOSTAT®- treated group). Feed intake and mean body weight were measured weekly for all groups. Sera were collected for cytokine analysis, and duodenal samples were also collected for histomorphological examination. The results revealed that the mean body weight gain was significantly increased to 2.25 and 2.2 kg/bird in G2 and G3, respectively, compared to 1.95 kg/bird in G1. Similarly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved to 1.56 and 1.59 in G2 and G3, respectively, compared to 1.8 in G1. Serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-6 protein concentrations were significantly increased in G2 and G3 compared to G1. Furthermore, the absorptive cells of the villi revealed structural changes, including hyperplasia and increased goblet cell population and microvilli height, in G2 and G3 compared to G1. The lamina propria of duodenal villi in G2 and G3 showed increased cellularity at 22 days of age. In conclusion, the individual supplementation of CLOSTAT® and Aviboost® led to enhanced performance, intestinal morphology, and immune response. While their simultaneous supplementation slightly improved the body weight gain and FCR but did not exhibit synergistic or additive effects on intestinal morphology and systemic immune response.

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The role of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in animal nutrition

Paulina Markowiak, Katarzyna Śliżewska (2018)

Along with the intensive development of methods of livestock breeding, breeders’ expectations are growing concerning feed additives that would guarantee such results as accelerating growth rate, protection of health from pathogenic infections and improvement of other production parameters such as: absorption of feed and quality of meat, milk, eggs. The main reason for their application would be a strive to achieve some beneficial effects comparable to those of antibiotic-based growth stimulators, banned on 01 January 2006. High hopes are being associated with the use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Used mainly for maintenance of the equilibrium of the intestinal microbiota of livestock, they turn out to be an effective method in fight against pathogens posing a threat for both animals and consumers. This paper discusses definitions of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Criteria that have to be met by those kinds of formulas are also presented. The paper offers a list of the most commonly used probiotics and prebiotics and some examples of their combinations in synbiotic formulas used in animal feeding. Examples of available study results on the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on animal health are also summarised.

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The use of probiotics as eco-friendly alternatives for antibiotics in poultry nutrition

Mahmoud Alagawany, Mohamed Abd El-Hack, Mayada R. Farag … (2018)

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Differential cytokine expression in avian cells in response to invasion by Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum.

P. Kaiser, J W Burnside, P Barrow … (2000)

Salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is capable of causing disease in a range of hosts. Although human salmonellosis is frequently associated with consumption of contaminated poultry and eggs, and the serotypes Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum are important world-wide pathogens of poultry, little is understood of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of Salmonella in the chicken. Type III secretion systems play a key role in host cell invasiveness and trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during invasion of mammalian hosts. This results in a polymorphonuclear cell influx that contributes to the resulting enteritis. In this study, a chicken primary cell culture model was used to investigate the cytokine responses to entry by the broad host range serotypes S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium, and the host specific serotype S. gallinarum, which rarely causes disease outside its main host, the chicken. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ss, IL-2, IL-6 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were measured by quantitative RT-PCR, and production of IL-6 and IFN-gamma was also determined through bioassays. All serotypes were invasive and had little effect on the production of IFN-gamma compared with non-infected cells; S. enteritidis invasion caused a slight down-regulation of IL-2 production. For IL-1ss production, infection with S. typhimurium had little effect, whilst infection with S. gallinarum or S. enteritidis caused a reduction in IL-1ss mRNA levels. Invasion of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis caused an eight- to tenfold increase in production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, whilst invasion by S. gallinarum caused no increase. These findings correlate with the pathogenesis of Salmonella in poultry. S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis invasion produces a strong inflammatory response, that may limit the spread of Salmonella largely to the gut, whilst S. gallinarum does not induce an inflammatory response and may not be limited by the immune system, leading to the severe systemic disease fowl typhoid.