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      Triple-negative breast cancer: current perspective on the evolving therapeutic landscape

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          Abstract

          Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known to have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options, namely chemotherapy. Different molecular studies have recently classified TNBC into different subtypes opening the door to potential new-targeted treatment options. In this review, we discuss the current standard of care in the treatment of TNBC in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic settings. In addition, we summarize the ongoing phase III clinical trials evaluating different associations between the 3 pillars of anticancer treatment: chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

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          Adjuvant Capecitabine for Breast Cancer after Preoperative Chemotherapy

          Norikazu Masuda, Soo-Jung Lee, Byeong-Woo Park … (2017)
          Patients who have residual invasive carcinoma after the receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer have poor prognoses. The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients remains unclear.
          Article 0 comments Cited 607 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Incidence and Mortality and Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in the World.

            Hamid Salehiniya, Zahra pournamdar, Mahshid Ghoncheh (2016)
            Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women around the world. Information on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer is essential for planning health measures. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in the world using age-specific incidence and mortality rates for the year 2012 acquired from the global cancer project (GLOBOCAN 2012) as well as data about incidence and mortality of the cancer based on national reports. It was estimated that 1,671,149 new cases of breast cancer were identified and 521,907 cases of deaths due to breast cancer occurred in the world in 2012. According to GLOBOCAN, it is the most common cancer in women, accounting for 25.1% of all cancers. Breast cancer incidence in developed countries is higher, while relative mortality is greatest in less developed countries. Education of women is suggested in all countries for early detection and treatment. Plans for the control and prevention of this cancer must be a high priority for health policy makers; also, it is necessary to increase awareness of risk factors and early detection in less developed countries.
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              The interplay of immunotherapy and chemotherapy: harnessing potential synergies.

              Leisha A Emens, Gary Middleton (2015)
              Although cancer chemotherapy has historically been considered immune suppressive, it is now accepted that certain chemotherapies can augment tumor immunity. The recent success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has renewed interest in immunotherapies, and in combining them with chemotherapy to achieve additive or synergistic clinical activity. Two major ways that chemotherapy promotes tumor immunity are by inducing immunogenic cell death as part of its intended therapeutic effect and by disrupting strategies that tumors use to evade immune recognition. This second strategy, in particular, is dependent on the drug, its dose, and the schedule of chemotherapy administration in relation to antigen exposure or release. In this Cancer Immunology at the Crossroads article, we focus on cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade as a forum for reviewing preclinical and clinical data demonstrating the interplay between immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
              Article 0 comments Cited 352 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Womens Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Womens Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJWH
                Journal ID (pmc): intjwh
                Title: International Journal of Women's Health
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1179-1411
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 July 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 11
                Pages: 431-437
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
                [2 ]Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica Di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genova, Italy
                [3 ]Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova , Genova, Italy
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Matteo LambertiniIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova , Largo Rosanna Benzi 1016132, Genova, ItalyTel +39 010 555 4254Fax +39 010 555 6536Email matteo.lambertini@ 123456unige.it
                Article
                Publisher ID: 178349
                DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S178349
                PMC ID: 6682754
                PubMed ID: 31447592
                SO-VID: de3af2a7-c7bc-47af-8f04-77acf5fba181
                Copyright © © 2019 Mehanna et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 30 March 2019
                Date accepted : 09 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, References: 40, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Keywords: breast cancer,triple-negative,immunotherapy,parp inhibitors
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Keywords: breast cancer, triple-negative, immunotherapy, parp inhibitors

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