An international systematic review of smoking prevalence in addiction treatment

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Abstract

Smoking prevalence is higher among people enrolled in addiction treatment compared with the general population, and very high rates of smoking are associated with opiate drug use and receipt of opiate replacement therapy (ORT). We assessed whether these findings are observed internationally.

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Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions.

Wilson Compton, Yonette Thomas, Frederick S Stinson … (2007)

Current and comprehensive information on the epidemiology of DSM-IV 12-month and lifetime drug use disorders in the United States has not been available. To present detailed information on drug abuse and dependence prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity with other Axis I and II disorders. Face-to-face interviews using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in a large representative sample of US adults (N=43093). Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence of drug abuse and dependence and the associated correlates, treatment rates, disability, and comorbidity with other Axis I and II disorders. Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime drug abuse (1.4% and 7.7%, respectively) exceeded rates of drug dependence (0.6% and 2.6%, respectively). Rates of abuse and dependence were generally greater among men, Native Americans, respondents aged 18 to 44 years, those of lower socioeconomic status, those residing in the West, and those who were never married or widowed, separated, or divorced (all P<.05). Associations of drug use disorders with other substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder were diminished but remained strong when we controlled for psychiatric disorders. Dependence associations with most mood disorders and generalized anxiety disorder also remained significant. Lifetime treatment- or help-seeking behavior was uncommon (8.1%, abuse; 37.9%, dependence) and was not associated with sociodemographic characteristics but was associated with psychiatric comorbidity. Most individuals with drug use disorders have never been treated, and treatment disparities exist among those at high risk, despite substantial disability and comorbidity. Comorbidity of drug use disorders with other substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder, as well as dependence with mood disorders and generalized anxiety disorder, appears to be due in part to unique factors underlying each pair of these disorders studied. The persistence of low treatment rates despite the availability of effective treatments indicates the need for vigorous educational efforts for the public and professionals.

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A meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions with individuals in substance abuse treatment or recovery.

Judith Prochaska, Kevin Delucchi, Sharon M Hall (2004)

This meta-analysis examined outcomes of smoking cessation interventions evaluated in 19 randomized controlled trials with individuals in current addictions treatment or recovery. Smoking and substance use outcomes at posttreatment and long-term follow-up (> or = 6 months) were summarized with random effects models. Intervention effects for smoking cessation were significant at posttreatment and comparable for participants in addictions treatment and recovery; however, intervention effects for smoking cessation were nonsignificant at long-term follow-up. Smoking cessation interventions provided during addictions treatment were associated with a 25% increased likelihood of long-term abstinence from alcohol and illicit drugs. Short-term smoking cessation effects look promising, but innovative strategies are needed for long-term cessation. Contrary to previous concerns, smoking cessation interventions during addictions treatment appeared to enhance rather than compromise long-term sobriety. Copyright 2004 APA.

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The Tobacco Control Scale: a new scale to measure country activity.

L Joossens, M Raw (2006)

To quantify the implementation of tobacco control policies at country level using a new Tobacco Control Scale and to report initial results using the scale. A questionnaire sent to correspondents in 30 European countries, using a scoring system designed with the help of a panel of international tobacco control experts. The 30 countries are ranked by their total score on the scale out of a maximum possible score of 100. Only four countries (Ireland, United Kingdom, Norway, Iceland) scored 70 or more, with an eight point gap (most differences in scores are small) to the fifth country, Malta, on 62. Only 13 countries scored above 50, 11 of them from the European Union (EU), and the second largest points gap occurs between Denmark on 45 and Portugal on 39, splitting the table into three groups: 70 and above, 45 to 62, 39 and below. Ireland had the highest overall score, 74 out of 100, and Luxembourg was bottom with 26 points. However even Ireland, much praised for their ban on smoking in public places, did not increase tobacco taxes in 2005, for the first time since 1995. Although the Tobacco Control Scale has limitations, this is the first time such a scale has been developed and applied to so many countries. We hope it will be useful in encouraging countries to strengthen currently weak areas of their tobacco control policy.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Addiction

Abbreviated Title: Addiction

Publisher: Wiley

ISSN: 09652140

Publication date Created: February 2016

Publication date (Print): February 2016

Publication date (Electronic): September 22 2015

Volume: 111

Issue: 2

Pages: 220-230

Affiliations

[1 ]University of California, San Francisco; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies; San Francisco CA USA

[2 ]Tobacco Control Unit; Cancer Prevention and Control Department; Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain

[3 ]Department of Social Welfare; Ewha Womans University; Seoul South Korea

[4 ]Department of Psychiatry; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA

Article

DOI: 10.1111/add.13099

PMC ID: 4990064

PubMed ID: 26392127

SO-VID: de3adae2-e63d-4e1a-a057-f6e79e321281

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http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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An international systematic review of smoking prevalence in addiction treatment : Smoking prevalence in addiction treatment

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Most cited references 78

Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions.

A meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions with individuals in substance abuse treatment or recovery.

The Tobacco Control Scale: a new scale to measure country activity.

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