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      Saildrone: Adaptively Sampling the Marine Environment

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          Abstract

          From 11 April to 11 June 2018 a new type of ocean observing platform, the Saildrone surface vehicle, collected data on a round-trip, 60-day cruise from San Francisco Bay, down the U.S. and Mexican coast to Guadalupe Island. The cruise track was selected to optimize the science team’s validation and science objectives. The validation objectives include establishing the accuracy of these new measurements. The scientific objectives include validation of satellite-derived fluxes, sea surface temperatures, and wind vectors and studies of upwelling dynamics, river plumes, air–sea interactions including frontal regions, and diurnal warming regions. On this deployment, the Saildrone carried 16 atmospheric and oceanographic sensors. Future planned cruises (with open data policies) are focused on improving our understanding of air–sea fluxes in the Arctic Ocean and around North Brazil Current rings.

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          The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)

          The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) is the latest atmospheric reanalysis of the modern satellite era produced by NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). MERRA-2 assimilates observation types not available to its predecessor, MERRA, and includes updates to the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model and analysis scheme so as to provide a viable ongoing climate analysis beyond MERRA’s terminus. While addressing known limitations of MERRA, MERRA-2 is also intended to be a development milestone for a future integrated Earth system analysis (IESA) currently under development at GMAO. This paper provides an overview of the MERRA-2 system and various performance metrics. Among the advances in MERRA-2 relevant to IESA are the assimilation of aerosol observations, several improvements to the representation of the stratosphere including ozone, and improved representations of cryospheric processes. Other improvements in the quality of MERRA-2 compared with MERRA include the reduction of some spurious trends and jumps related to changes in the observing system, and reduced biases and imbalances in aspects of the water cycle. Remaining deficiencies are also identified. Production of MERRA-2 began in June 2014 in four processing streams, and converged to a single near-real time stream in mid 2015. MERRA-2 products are accessible online through the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information Services Center (GES DISC).
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            Air–sea interaction over ocean fronts and eddies

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              Patterns and processes in the California Current System

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
                American Meteorological Society
                0003-0007
                1520-0477
                June 01 2020
                June 08 2020
                June 01 2020
                June 08 2020
                : 101
                : 6
                : E744-E762
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Farallon Institute, Petaluma, California, and Earth and Space Research, Seattle, Washington
                [2 ]Science Applications International Corporation, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
                [3 ]Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia
                [4 ]NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
                [5 ]University of Miami, Miami, Florida
                [6 ]University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
                [7 ]Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
                [8 ]University Space Research Associates, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
                [9 ]Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
                [10 ]Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Mexico
                [11 ]Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
                [12 ]Saildrone Inc., Alameda, California
                Article
                10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0015.1
                dd0a31e2-43a0-4233-8e42-c3bb67d5becb
                © 2020
                History

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