Impact of roasting conditions on physicochemical, taste, volatile, and odor-active compound profiles of Coffea arabica L. (cv. Yellow Bourbon) using electronic sensors and GC–MS-O using a multivariate approach

Highlights

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  Coffea arabica L. (cv. Yellow Bourbon)’s taste and volatile profiles were analyzed using E-tongue and E-nose, and odor-active compounds were analyzed using GC–MS-O.

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  Roasting process at 210℃ for 20 and 30 min changed higher differences in the number of odor-active compounds, taste, and volatile profiles compared to the unroasted bean.

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  Taste and volatile patterns in Coffea arabica L. (cv. Yellow Bourbon) by the impact of roasting conditions were pointed out via multivariate analysis.

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  The similar patterns between E-nose and GC-O data were identified via multivariate analysis.

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of roasting conditions on the physicochemical, taste, and volatile and odor-active compound (OAC) profiles of Coffea arabica L. At 150 ℃, roasting increased chlorogenic acid, total flavonoids, and caffeine concentrations. However, umami and sourness sensor decreased during the roasting process. At 210 ℃ roasting, total flavonoid and caffeine concentrations increased during the roasting process. Aldehydes, ketones, and sulfur-containing compounds dramatically increased during the roasting at 210 ℃ for 20 and 30 min in E-nose analysis. Pyrazines were mainly generated during the roasting at 210 ℃ for 20 and 30 min, and pyrazines showed the highest concentrations among all OACs in GC-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis. E-tongue data showed the separation of beans by roasting temperature. However, the E-nose and GC-O data showed the separation of beans by both roasting temperature and time via multivariate analysis. We identified similar results and patterns in the E-nose and GC-O analyses.