25
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Fatty acid composition in serum cholesterol esters and phospholipids is linked to visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue content in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional study

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and truncal fat predict cardiometabolic disease. Intervention trials suggest that saturated fatty acids (SFA), e.g. palmitic acid, promote abdominal and liver fat storage whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), e.g. linoleic acid, prevent fat accumulation. Such findings require investigation in population-based studies of older individuals. We aimed to investigate the relationships of serum biomarkers of PUFA intake as well as serum levels of palmitic acid, with abdominal and total adipose tissue content.

          Methods

          In a population-based sample of 287 elderly subjects in the PIVUS cohort, we assessed fatty acid composition in serum cholesterol esters (CE) and phospholipids (PL) by gas chromatography and the amount of VAT and abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), liver fat by MR spectroscopy (MRS), and total body fat, trunk fat and leg fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR.

          Results

          VAT and trunk fat showed the strongest correlation with insulin resistance ( r = 0.49, P < 0.001). Linoleic acid in both CE and PL was inversely related to all body fat depots ( r = −0.24 to −0.33, P < 0.001) including liver fat measured in a sub-group ( r = −0.26, P < 0.05, n = 73), whereas n-3 PUFA showed weak inverse (18:3n-3) or positive (20:5n-3) associations. Palmitic acid in CE, but not in PL, was directly correlated with VAT ( r = 0.19, P < 0.001) and trunk fat ( r = 0.18, P = 0.003). Overall, the significant associations remained after adjusting for energy intake, height, alcohol, sex, smoking, education and physical activity. The inverse correlation between linoleic acid and VAT remained significant after further adjustment for total body fat.

          Conclusions

          Serum linoleic acid is inversely related to body fat storage including VAT and trunk fat whereas palmitic acid was less consistently but directly associated, in line with recent feeding studies. Considering the close link between VAT and insulin resistance, a potential preventive role of plant-based PUFA in VAT accumulation warrants further study.

          Related collections

          Most cited references36

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome--an allostatic perspective.

          While the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes is clear on an epidemiological level, the underlying mechanism linking these two common disorders is not as clearly understood. One hypothesis linking obesity to type 2 diabetes is the adipose tissue expandability hypothesis. The adipose tissue expandability hypothesis states that a failure in the capacity for adipose tissue expansion, rather than obesity per se is the key factor linking positive energy balance and type 2 diabetes. All individuals possess a maximum capacity for adipose expansion which is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Once the adipose tissue expansion limit is reached, adipose tissue ceases to store energy efficiently and lipids begin to accumulate in other tissues. Ectopic lipid accumulation in non-adipocyte cells causes lipotoxic insults including insulin resistance, apoptosis and inflammation. This article discusses the links between adipokines, inflammation, adipose tissue expandability and lipotoxicity. Finally, we will discuss how considering the concept of allostasis may enable a better understanding of how diabetes develops and allow the rational design of new anti diabetic treatments. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine.

            We studied the effect of dietary fat type, varying in polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratios (P/S), on development of metabolic syndrome. C57Bl/6J mice were fed purified high-fat diets (45E% fat) containing palm oil (HF-PO; P/S 0.4), olive oil (HF-OO; P/S 1.1), or safflower oil (HF-SO; P/S 7.8) for 8 wk. A low-fat palm oil diet (LF-PO; 10E% fat) was used as a reference. Additionally, we analyzed diet-induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. The HF-PO diet induced a higher body weight gain and liver triglyceride content compared with the HF-OO, HF-SO, or LF-PO diet. In the intestine, the HF-PO diet reduced microbial diversity and increased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Although this fits a typical obesity profile, our data clearly indicate that an overflow of the HF-PO diet to the distal intestine, rather than obesity itself, is the main trigger for these gut microbiota changes. A HF-PO diet-induced elevation of lipid metabolism-related genes in the distal small intestine confirmed the overflow of palm oil to the distal intestine. Some of these lipid metabolism-related genes were previously already associated with the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, our data indicate that saturated fat (HF-PO) has a more stimulatory effect on weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation than unsaturated fat (HF-OO and HF-SO). The overflow of fat to the distal intestine on the HF-PO diet induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. We speculate that both are directly or indirectly contributive to the saturated fat-induced development of obesity and hepatic steatosis.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Role for stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in leptin-mediated weight loss.

              Leptin elicits a metabolic response that cannot be explained by its anorectic effects alone. To examine the mechanism underlying leptin's metabolic actions, we used transcription profiling to identify leptin-regulated genes in ob/ob liver. Leptin was found to specifically repress RNA levels and enzymatic activity of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), which catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Mice lacking SCD-1 were lean and hypermetabolic. ob/ob mice with mutations in SCD-1 were significantly less obese than ob/ob controls and had markedly increased energy expenditure. ob/ob mice with mutations in SCD-1 had histologically normal livers with significantly reduced triglyceride storage and VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) production. These findings suggest that down-regulation of SCD-1 is an important component of leptin's metabolic actions.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Fredrik.rosqvist@pubcare.uu.se
                Helena.bjermo@sll.se
                Joel.kullberg@radiol.uu.se
                Lars.johansson@radiol.uu.se
                Karl.michaelsson@surgsci.uu.se
                Hakan.ahlstrom@radiol.uu.se
                Lars.lind@medsci.uu.se
                Ulf.riserus@pubcare.uu.se
                Journal
                Lipids Health Dis
                Lipids Health Dis
                Lipids in Health and Disease
                BioMed Central (London )
                1476-511X
                4 April 2017
                4 April 2017
                2017
                : 16
                : 68
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.8993.b, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, , Uppsala University, ; Uppsala, Sweden
                [2 ]GRID grid.8993.b, Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, , Uppsala University, ; Uppsala, Sweden
                [3 ]GRID grid.8993.b, Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopaedics, , Uppsala University, ; Uppsala, Sweden
                [4 ]GRID grid.8993.b, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, , Uppsala University, ; Uppsala, Sweden
                Article
                445
                10.1186/s12944-017-0445-2
                5379570
                28372558
                dc54e11b-d318-418f-b80f-fa9dfa47edfb
                © The Author(s). 2017

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 1 December 2016
                : 7 March 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004359, Vetenskapsrådet;
                Award ID: K2015-54X-22081-04-3
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: EXODIAB
                Funded by: Diabetesförbundet (Swedish Diabetes Association)
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Biochemistry
                visceral adipose tissue,polyunsaturated fat,saturated fat,linoleic acid,palmitic acid,adipose tissue distribution,fatty acid,body fat

                Comments

                Comment on this article