Early-life immunomodulation by carvacrol delivered in ovo in broiler chickens

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Abstract

In the first 2 wk after hatching, broiler chickens are vulnerable to enteric pathogens due to underdeveloped gastrointestinal and immune systems. Carvacrol has been reported to improve digestive and immune functions. This study aimed to optimize immune development of broiler chickens by delivering carvacrol in ovo. Effects of 2 in ovo treatments delivered at embryonic day (E)17.5 (saline or carvacrol) were evaluated at 3 stages (E19.5, hatch, and d 14 posthatch). Hatchability, performance parameters, lymphoid organ and yolk sac weights were determined. Histomorphology assessment was performed for jejunal samples at hatch and bursa of Fabricius samples at hatch and d 14. Gene expression of immune-relevant genes was determined for jejunal, bursal, and yolk sac samples over time. At hatch, BW was 0.85% lower ( P = 0.02) after in ovo carvacrol delivery compared to the controls. Interactions between in ovo treatment and age were found for gene expression. At hatch, carvacrol treatment resulted in lower expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IFN-γ in the yolk sac compared to the controls ( P = 0.05 and < .001, respectively) suggesting a potential role for carvacrol-mediated immune modulation. At d 14, carvacrol treatment led to lower expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the bursa compared to the controls ( P = 0.002). In ovo carvacrol delivery led to bursal histomorphometric changes, including a larger cortex in the bursal follicles ( P = 0.03), and a higher cortex/medulla ratio ( P = 0.04) compared to the controls, indicating increased B-cell stimulation and maturation. Main effects were found for carvacrol treatment in the jejunum, with overall higher expression of proinflammatory mediators IL-1β and NF-κB, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 compared to the controls ( P = 0.04, 0.02, and 0.02 respectively) from E19.5 to d 14. Age-related main effects showed various alterations in expression dynamics of immune-related genes across all tissues over time. Our findings suggest changes in immune parameters occur as the chicken develops, but these mostly do not interact with in ovo carvacrol treatment. In ovo carvacrol treatment alters immune activity of broiler chickens independent of age.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Eugeni Roura

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Poult Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Poult Sci

Title: Poultry Science

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Print): 0032-5791

ISSN (Electronic): 1525-3171

Publication date PMC-release: 05 September 2024

Publication date Collection: December 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 05 September 2024

Volume: 103

Issue: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 104286

Affiliations

[* ]Centre for Animal Science and Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

[† ]Department of Animal Sciences, Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands

[‡ ]School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Author notes

[1 ]Corresponding author: e.roura@ 123456uq.edu.au

Article

Publisher Item ID: S0032-5791(24)00865-4 Publisher ID: 104286

DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104286

PMC ID: 11470485

PubMed ID: 39326180

SO-VID: dc08da73-eaf9-4f4d-8f8f-68ce9862d0a0

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

History

Date received : 26 June 2024

Date accepted : 28 August 2024

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