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      Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris (BADI): first reported case in Brazil Translated title: Despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris (BADI): primeiro relato de caso no Brasil

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          Abstract

          Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris (BADI) is a recently described entity characterized by acute onset of pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber, depigmentation of the iris, and heavy pigment deposition in the anterior chamber angle. Involvement is always bilateral, simultaneous, and symmetrical. We report the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with bilateral ocular pain, red eyes, and severe photophobia. Examination revealed a dense Krukenberg spindle, heavy pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber, extensive transillumination iris defects, and a heavy pigment deposition in the trabecular meshwork bilaterally. Intraocular pressure increased to 48 mmHg in both eyes. The patient received topical steroids, maximum hypotensive treatment and oral valacyclovir. Intraocular pressure gradually decreased throughout the second and third months, and medications were gradually tapered. The time to complete resolution of pigment dispersion was 18 weeks. Visual acuity and visual fields remained normal, but the photophobia was permanent.

          Translated abstract

          Despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris (BADI) é uma nova doença caracterizada pela despigmentação aguda da íris, dispersão de pigmentos na câmara anterior e intensa deposição de pigmentos no seio camerular. O acometimento é sempre bilateral, simultâneo e simétrico. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 61 anos, com dor ocular bilateral aguda, hiperemia e intensa fotofobia. Ao exame, apresentava denso fuso de Krukenberg, importante dispersão de pigmentos na câmara anterior, extensos defeitos à transiluminação iriana e densa deposição de pigmentos no seio camerular em ambos os olhos. O paciente recebeu corticoide tópico, terapia hipotensora máxima e valacyclovir oral. A pressão intraocular chegou a 48 mmHg em ambos os olhos mas foi reduzindo gradativamente ao longo do segundo e terceiro meses, permitindo a suspensão gradativa da medicação. A resolução completa da dispersão pigmentar demorou 18 semanas. A acuidade e os campos visuais permaneceram normais, mas o paciente manteve a fotofobia.

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          Bilateral acute iris transillumination.

          To describe a series of patients with bilateral acute iris transillumination, pigment dispersion, and sphincter paralysis. We reviewed the medical records and clinical photographs of 26 patients seen at 5 centers in Turkey and Belgium between March 16, 2006, and July 6, 2010. Observation procedures included clinical examination, anterior segment color photography, gonioscopy, laser flare photometry, and pupillometry. All 26 patients (20 women and 6 men; mean [SD] age, 43.2 [10.5] years) had bilateral involvement. Twenty-three patients (88%) had acute-onset disease with severe photophobia and red eyes. Nineteen patients (73%) had a preceding flulike illness and used systemic antibiotics, including moxifloxacin. Diagnostic laboratory workup was unremarkable. There was pigment discharge into the anterior chamber, and flare was elevated in the absence of inflammatory cells. Most patients had severe diffuse transillumination of the iris and mydriatic distorted pupils. Pupillometry revealed a compromised reaction to light. The most serious complication was an intractable early rise in intraocular pressure. Gonioscopy revealed heavy pigment deposition in the trabecular meshwork. Although symptoms were relieved promptly by application of topical corticosteroid, the median duration of pigment dispersion was 5.25 months. Bilateral acute iris transillumination with pigment dispersion and persistent mydriasis is a new clinical entity that is not an ocular adverse effect of oral moxifloxacin treatment, as previously suggested. The etiopathogenesis of this entity remains to be elucidated.
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            Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris: report of 26 new cases and four-year follow-up of two patients.

            To report new cases of bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris (BADI), a recently described clinical entity, and to report the 4-year follow-up of 2 patients that was published previously. A retrospective case series. Twenty-six Turkish patients who were diagnosed with BADI between 2006 and 2008 and 2 patients who were reported previously. We reviewed the patients' charts and clinical photographs. Observation procedures included clinical examination, anterior segment color photography, laser flare photometry, and pupillometry. We performed an anterior chamber tap in 2 patients for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to demonstrate the DNA of herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the aqueous samples. Demographic features, presenting symptoms, laboratory findings, changes in iris stromal pigment and architecture, and time to resolution of pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber. Nineteen patients were female, and 7 patients were male. Mean age was 32.3+/-8.6 years. All had bilateral involvement. Twenty patients (76.9%) presented with photophobia and red eyes, and 4 patients (15.4%) presented with a recent change in eye color. Ten patients (38.5%) had flu-like symptoms preceding the onset of ocular symptoms. Diagnostic laboratory workup, viral serology, and PCR analysis of the aqueous humor were unrewarding. Diffuse depigmentation of the iris stroma from the collarette to the iris root was seen in 16 patients, and geographic areas of depigmentation were seen in 10 patients. There was heavy pigment deposition in the trabecular meshwork in all patients. Anterior chamber flare was elevated in eyes with circulating pigment. The pupil was not affected. Twenty patients received topical corticosteroids. Pigment dispersion resolved in 1 to 16 weeks (median, 9 weeks). The intraocular pressure was elevated in 8 steroid-treated eyes but was controlled with antiglaucomatous medications. In 2 patients reported previously, the depigmented iris stroma became repigmented after 4 years. Patients with BADI present with bilateral, symmetrical, nontransilluminating depigmentation of the iris stroma and pigment discharge into the anterior chamber. Young female persons are more commonly affected. The cause remains unknown. After 4 years, the ocular findings in 2 patients normalized.
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              Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris.

              To report on five cases of unusual bilateral stromal depigmentation of the iris and pigment dispersion masquerading as uveitis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abo
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
                Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.
                Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0004-2749
                1678-2925
                February 2013
                : 76
                : 1
                : 42-44
                Affiliations
                [04] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG orgdiv1Department of Ophthalmology Brazil
                [02] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameOculare Ophthalmology Center orgdiv1Retina and Cataract Services Brazil
                [01] Belo Horizonte orgnameOculare Ophthalmology Center orgdiv1Glaucoma Service Brazil
                [03] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG orgdiv1Department of Ophthalmology orgdiv2Uveitis Service Brazil
                Article
                S0004-27492013000100012
                10.1590/S0004-27492013000100012
                23812527
                dbd81750-77e0-41d1-8329-d7ee61f3c8fe

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 December 2012
                : 31 January 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 9, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Male,Pigment epithelium of eye,Case reports,Humans,Middle age,Doenças da íris, Doença aguda,Transiluminação,Pressão intraocular,Gonioscopia,Epitélio pigmentado ocular,Relatos de casos,Humanos,Masculino,Meia-idade,Intraocular pressure,Gonioscopy,Iris diseases,Acute disease, Transillumination

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