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      Seasonal changes in infection with trematode species utilizing jellyfish as hosts: evidence of transmission to definitive host fish via medusivory Translated title: Les changements saisonniers dans l’infection par des espèces de trématodes utilisant des méduses comme hôtes: preuve de transmission à l’hôte définitif via médusivorie

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          Abstract

          In the Seto Inland Sea of western Japan, metacercariae of three species of trematodes, Lepotrema clavatum Ozaki, 1932, Cephalolepidapedon saba Yamaguti, 1970, and Opechona olssoni (Yamaguti, 1934), were found in the mesoglea of the jellyfish Aurelia aurita s.l., Chrysaora pacifica, and Cyanea nozakii. Moreover, these jellyfish frequently harbored juveniles of the fish species Psenopsis anomala, Thamnaconus modestus, and Trachurus japonicus. The former two fish species are well-known medusivores. We investigated seasonal changes in the prevalence and intensity of these metacercariae in their host jellyfish from March 2010 to September 2012 and presumed that infection by the trematodes of the definitive host fish occurs through these associations. The mean intensity of metacercariae in A. aurita s.l. clearly showed seasonality, being consistently high in June of each year. The intensity of metacercariae in C. nozakii was highest among all jellyfish hosts and appeared to be enhanced by medusivory of this second intermediate, and/or paratenic host. Trophic interactions between jellyfish and associated fish were verified using both gut content and stable isotope analyses. The detection of trematodes and nematocysts in the guts of P. anomala and T. modestus juveniles, in addition to stable isotope analysis, suggests that transmission of the parasites occurs via prey-predator relationships. In addition, the stable isotope analysis also suggested that P. anomala is more nutritionally dependent on jellyfish than Th. modestus and Tr. japonicus.

          Translated abstract

          Dans la mer intérieure de Seto à l’Ouest du Japon, les métacercaires de trois espèces de trématodes, Lepotrema clavatum Ozaki, 1932, Cephalolepidapedon saba Yamaguti, 1970 et Opechona olssoni (Yamaguti, 1934), ont été trouvées dans la mésoglée des méduses Aurelia aurita s.l., Chrysaora pacifica et Cyanea nozakii. De plus, ces méduses hébergeaient fréquemment des juvéniles des espèces de poissons Psenopsis anomala, Thamnaconus modestus et Trachurus japonicus. Les deux premières espèces de poissons sont connues comme médusivores. Nous avons étudié les variations saisonnières de prévalence et d’intensité de ces métacercaires dans leurs méduses hôtes de mars 2010 à septembre 2012 et présumé que l’infection des poissons hôtes définitifs par les trématodes se produit à travers ces associations. L’intensité moyenne des métacercaires chez A. aurita s.l. a clairement montré une saisonnalité, étant toujours élevée en juin de chaque année. L’intensité des métacercaires chez C. nozakii était la plus élevée parmi toutes les méduses hôtes et semblait être renforcée par médusivorie de ce second hôte intermédiaire, et/ou par un hôte paraténique. Les interactions trophiques entre les méduses et les poissons associés ont été vérifiées en utilisant à la fois le contenu de l’intestin et des analyses des isotopes stables. La détection de trématodes et de nématocystes dans les intestins de juvéniles de P. anomala et de Th. modestus, en plus de l’analyse des isotopes stables, suggère que la transmission des parasites se produit par l’intermédiaire de relations proies-prédateurs. En outre, l’analyse des isotopes stables a également suggéré que P. anomala est plus dépendant des méduses pour sa nutrition que Th. modestus et Tr. japonicus.

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          Most cited references30

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                2016
                07 April 2016
                : 23
                : ( publisher-idID: parasite/2016/01 )
                : 16
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Takehara Marine Science Station, Seotuchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University 5-8-1 Minato-machi Takehara Hiroshima 725-0024 Japan
                [2 ] Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2-15 Natsushima-cho Yokosuka 237-0061 Japan
                [3 ] 10486-2 Hotaka-Ariake Azumino Nagano 399-8301 Japan
                [4 ] School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi Shizuoka 424-8610 Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: d132407@ 123456hiroshima-u.ac.jp
                Article
                parasite150043 10.1051/parasite/2016016
                10.1051/parasite/2016016
                4824873
                27055563
                dba7449e-a3aa-444c-b228-a74274ebf432
                © Y. Kondo et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2016

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 22 May 2015
                : 11 March 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 11, Tables: 3, Equations: 1, References: 58, Pages: 14
                Categories
                Research Article

                trematodes,scyphozoans,intermediate host,paratenic host,medusivory,trophic relationships

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