Analysis of anxiety levels and attitudes of nursing students toward the nursing profession during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted to analyze the anxiety levels and attitudes of nursing students for the nursing profession during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Data collection forms were sent online to nursing students of three different state or foundation universities in Turkey. In all, 456 individuals who answered the data collection forms were included in the study.

Findings

Study results revealed that the total average score for the “Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession” was 162 ± 15.6. The Professional characteristics subdimension score average was 80.64 ± 7.02. Furthermore, the state of choosing nursing profession subdimension score average was 50.05 ± 9.23, whereas the Attitude for the general status of nursing profession subdimension score average was 34.38 ± 2.97. Due to the pandemic, anxiety levels for the nursing profession were 4.86 ± 2.76 (between 0 and 10). It was determined that nursing students who studied in cities where the virus was very common had a more positive attitude toward the profession. Anxiety levels of nursing students studying in cities where the virus impact was moderate and in cities where the virus presence was quite common were higher ( p > 0.05).

Practical Implications

It was found that nursing students had a positive and high‐level attitude toward the nursing profession. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that attitudes toward the nursing profession decreased significantly as anxiety increased.

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Most cited references 46

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Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

Cuiyan Wang, Riyu Pan, Xiaoyang Wan … (2020)

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nader Salari, Amin Hosseinian-Far, Rostam Jalali … (2020)

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health during crises such as a panedmic is an immediate priority. The aim of this study is to analyze the existing research works and findings in relation to the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on stress and anxiety prevalence among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic were searched in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases, without a lower time limit and until May 2020. In order to perform a meta-analysis of the collected studies, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I2 index. Moreover. data analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Results The prevalence of stress in 5 studies with a total sample size of 9074 is obtained as 29.6% (95% confidence limit: 24.3–35.4), the prevalence of anxiety in 17 studies with a sample size of 63,439 as 31.9% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–36.7), and the prevalence of depression in 14 studies with a sample size of 44,531 people as 33.7% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–40.6). Conclusion COVID-19 not only causes physical health concerns but also results in a number of psychological disorders. The spread of the new coronavirus can impact the mental health of people in different communities. Thus, it is essential to preserve the mental health of individuals and to develop psychological interventions that can improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China

Wen-rui Zhang, Kun Wang, Lu Yin … (2020)

Objective We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). Results Compared with nonmedical health workers (n = 1,255), medical health workers (n = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, p < 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; p< 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0061-9490

glcnbah@hotmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Perspect Psychiatr Care

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Perspect Psychiatr Care

Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1744-6163

Journal ID (publisher-id): PPC

Title: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Print): 0031-5990

ISSN (Electronic): 1744-6163

Publication date (Electronic): 17 March 2021

Electronic Location Identifier: 10.1111/ppc.12766

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences Firat University Elazıg Turkey

[ ² ] Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey

[ ³ ] Fundamentals of Nursing Nursing of Faculty, Atatürk University Erzurum Turkey

Author notes

[*] [* ] Correspondence Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fırat University, Elaziğ, Turkey.

Email: glcnbah@ 123456hotmail.com

Author information

Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0061-9490

Zülfünaz Özer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-2346

Bahar Çiftçi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-3042

Article

Publisher ID: PPC12766

DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12766

PMC ID: 8250876

PubMed ID: 33728653

SO-VID: db8860a5-8721-4ffd-9486-084a2672779f

License:

This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

History

Date revision received : 09 February 2021

Date received : 08 December 2020

Date accepted : 19 February 2021

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Pages: 9, Words: 5703

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details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.4 mode:remove_FC converted:02.07.2021

Keywords: anxiety,attitude for profession,covid‐19,nursing student,pandemic

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Keywords: anxiety, attitude for profession, covid‐19, nursing student, pandemic

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Analysis of anxiety levels and attitudes of nursing students toward the nursing profession during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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Abstract

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 46

Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China

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