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      Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) as an Adjunctive Therapy for Depression—Case Report

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Depression is a debilitating disorder, and at least one third of patients do not respond to therapy. Associations between gut microbiota and depression have been observed in recent years, opening novel treatment avenues. Here, we present the first two patients with major depressive disorder ever treated with fecal microbiota transplantation as add-on therapy. Both improved their depressive symptoms 4 weeks after the transplantation. Effects lasted up to 8 weeks in one patient. Gastrointestinal symptoms, constipation in particular, were reflected in microbiome changes and improved in one patient. This report suggests further FMT studies in depression could be worth pursuing and adds to awareness as well as safety assurance, both crucial in determining the potential of FMT in depression treatment.

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          Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

          Summary Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Findings Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1–4·6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% (6·0–8·4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421–723) to 853 million (642–1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7·9% (6·6–9·2) for males and 6·5% (5·4–7·7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782–3252] per 100 000 in males vs s1400 [1279–1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082–3583] vs 2336 [2154–2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943–3630] vs 5643 [5057–6302]). Interpretation Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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            An inventory for measuring depression.

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              An Inventory for Measuring Depression

              A. Beck (1961)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychiatry
                Front Psychiatry
                Front. Psychiatry
                Frontiers in Psychiatry
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-0640
                17 February 2022
                2022
                : 13
                : 815422
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
                [2] 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
                [3] 3Center for Affective, Stress- and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
                [4] 4Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
                [5] 5Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
                [6] 6Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
                [7] 7Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
                [8] 8Department of Research, St. Clara Hospital , Basel, Switzerland
                [9] 9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck , Lübeck, Germany
                Author notes

                Edited by: Andrea Fagiolini, University of Siena, Italy

                Reviewed by: Giada De Palma, McMaster University, Canada; Caitlin S. M. Cowan, The University of Sydney, Australia

                *Correspondence: André Schmidt andre.schmidt@ 123456unibas.ch

                This article was submitted to Mood Disorders, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry

                †These authors share first authorship

                ‡These authors have contributed equally to this work and share last authorship

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyt.2022.815422
                8891755
                35250668
                db8242fe-3757-4d73-9b83-79fb3af0f0d3
                Copyright © 2022 Doll, Vázquez-Castellanos, Schaub, Schweinfurth, Kettelhack, Schneider, Yamanbaeva, Mählmann, Brand, Beglinger, Borgwardt, Raes, Schmidt and Lang.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 15 November 2021
                : 25 January 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 9, Words: 5855
                Categories
                Psychiatry
                Case Report

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                fmt,depression,gastrointestinal,microbiome-gut-brain axis (mgba),case report

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