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      Subestimativa de obesidade e sobrepeso a partir de medidas autorrelatadas na população geral: prevalência e proposta de modelos para correção Translated title: Infravaloración de obesidad y sobrepeso a partir de medidas autoinformadas en población general: prevalencia y propuesta de modelos para su corrección Translated title: Underestimation of obesity and overweight based on self-report measures in the general population: prevalence and a proposal for correction models

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          Abstract

          Os objetivos deste artigo são: (i) comparar medidas autorrelatadas de peso e estatura com medidas aferidas; (ii) avaliar o impacto dessas discrepâncias sobre o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade; e (iii) aplicar modelos de correção das medidas autorrelatadas e avaliar o grau de melhoria das medidas corrigidas produzidas pelo uso desses modelos. Realizou-se estudo transversal, com avaliação de 4.151 adultos (18 a 60 anos) participantes do Estudo Epidemiológico dos Transtornos Mentais São Paulo Megacity. Foram propostos e testados modelos de regressão linear estratificados por sexo, para a correção das medidas autorrelatadas. Para avaliar a concordância, usou-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para as medidas aferidas, medidas autorrelatadas e medidas corrigidas, bem como o coeficiente kappa para as categorias de classificação do IMC. O peso autorrelatado e o IMC resultantes foram subestimados, ao passo que a estatura foi superestimada, comparados às medidas aferidas. Com todos os modelos de correção, as medidas corrigidas tornaram-se mais próximas às medidas aferidas. As prevalências de excesso de peso, quando calculadas a partir das medidas autorrelatadas, estavam subestimadas em 24% em homens e 28% em mulheres. Com as correções, a subestimativa diminuiu para 8% e 10%, respectivamente. Identificou-se concordância moderada para as medidas autorrelatadas e concordância substancial para as medidas corrigidas, quando comparadas às medidas reais. O uso de equações de correção para dados autorrelatados mostrou-se um método útil para produzir estimativas mais fidedignas da prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade na população geral, geralmente estimadas a partir de medidas de peso e estatura autorrelatadas nos inquéritos populacionais.

          Translated abstract

          Los objetivos fueron: comparar medidas autoinformadas de peso y estatura con medidas evaluadas; evaluar el impacto de estas discrepancias sobre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad; y aplicar modelos de corrección de las medidas autoinformadas y evaluar el grado de mejoría de las medidas corregidas, producidas por el uso de esos modelos. Se realizó un estudio transversal evaluando a 4.151 adultos (18 a 60 años), participantes en el Estudio Epidemiológico São Paulo Megacity. Se propusieron y probaron modelos de regresión lineal estratificados por sexo para la corrección de las medidas autoinformadas. Para evaluar la concordancia, se usó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase para las medidas evaluadas, medidas autoinformadas y medidas corregidas, y el coeficiente kappa para las categorías de clasificación del IMC. El peso autoinformado y el IMC resultantes fueron subestimados mientras la estatura fue sobrestimada, comparados con las medidas evaluadas. Con todos los modelos de corrección, las medidas corregidas se convirtieron en más cercanas a las medidas evaluadas. Las prevalencias de exceso de peso, cuando se calculan a partir de las medidas autoinformadas, estaban subestimadas en un 24% en hombres y un 28% en las mujeres; con las correcciones, la infravaloración disminuyó a un 8% y un 10%, respectivamente. Se identificó una concordancia moderada para las medidas autoinformadas y una concordancia sustancial para las medidas corregidas, cuando se compararon con las medidas reales. El uso de ecuaciones de corrección para dados autoinformados se mostró un método útil para producir estimaciones más fidedignas de la prevalencia de exceso de peso y obesidad en la población general, generalmente estimadas a partir de medidas de peso y estatura autoinformadas en las encuestas poblacionales.

          Translated abstract

          The study’s objectives: compare self-report measures of weight and height with direct measures; assess the impact of these discrepancies on body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight and obesity; and apply correction models to the self-report measures and assess the degree of improvement in the corrected measures produced with the use of these models. A cross-sectional study was performed, assessing 4,151 adults (18 to 60 years) participating in the São Paulo Megacity Epidemiological Study. Linear regression models stratified by sex were proposed for correction of self-reported measures. Agreement was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient for the direct measures, self-report measures, and corrected measures, and kappa coefficient for BMI classification categories. Self-reported weight and the resulting BMI were underestimated, while height was overestimated, compared to direct measures. With all the correction models, the corrected measures were closer to the direct measures. Prevalence rates for excess weight, calculated by self-report measures, were underestimated by 24% in men and by 28% in women; with corrections, the underestimation decreased to 8% and 10%, respectively. The results showed moderate agreement for self-report measures and substantial agreement for corrected measures compared to direct measures. The use of correction equations for self-report data proved to be a useful method for producing more trustworthy estimates of prevalence of overweight and obesity in the general population, usually estimated from self-report measures of weight and height in population surveys.

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          The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data

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            Mental Disorders in Megacities: Findings from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey, Brazil

            Background World population growth is projected to be concentrated in megacities, with increases in social inequality and urbanization-associated stress. São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA) provides a forewarning of the burden of mental disorders in urban settings in developing world. The aim of this study is to estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of recently active DSM-IV mental disorders. We examined socio-demographic correlates, aspects of urban living such as internal migration, exposure to violence, and neighborhood-level social deprivation with 12-month mental disorders. Methods and Results A representative cross-sectional household sample of 5,037 adults was interviewed face-to-face using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), to generate diagnoses of DSM-IV mental disorders within 12 months of interview, disorder severity, and treatment. Administrative data on neighborhood social deprivation were gathered. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate individual and contextual correlates of disorders, severity, and treatment. Around thirty percent of respondents reported a 12-month disorder, with an even distribution across severity levels. Anxiety disorders were the most common disorders (affecting 19.9%), followed by mood (11%), impulse-control (4.3%), and substance use (3.6%) disorders. Exposure to crime was associated with all four types of disorder. Migrants had low prevalence of all four types compared to stable residents. High urbanicity was associated with impulse-control disorders and high social deprivation with substance use disorders. Vulnerable subgroups were observed: women and migrant men living in most deprived areas. Only one-third of serious cases had received treatment in the previous year. Discussion Adults living in São Paulo megacity had prevalence of mental disorders at greater levels than similar surveys conducted in other areas of the world. Integration of mental health promotion and care into the rapidly expanding Brazilian primary health system should be strengthened. This strategy might become a model for poorly resourced and highly populated developing countries.
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              Lifetime Prevalence, age and gender distribution and age-of-onset of psychiatric disorders in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil: results from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey

              OBJECTIVES: To estimate prevalence, age-of-onset, gender distribution and identify correlates of lifetime psychiatric disorders in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). METHODS: The São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey assessed psychiatric disorders on a probabilistic sample of 5,037 adult residents in the SPMA, using the World Mental Health Survey Version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Response rate was 81.3%. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence for any disorder was 44.8%; estimated risk at age 75 was 57.7%; comorbidity was frequent. Major depression, specific phobias and alcohol abuse were the most prevalent across disorders; anxiety disorders were the most frequent class. Early age-of-onset for phobic and impulse-control disorders and later age-of-onset for mood disorders were observed. Women were more likely to have anxiety and mood disorders, whereas men, substance use disorders. Apart from conduct disorders, more frequent in men, there were no gender differences in impulse-control disorders. There was a consistent trend of higher prevalence in the youngest cohorts. Low education level was associated to substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among the general adult population in the SPMA, with frequent comorbidity, early age-of-onset for most disorders, and younger cohorts presenting higher rates of morbidity. Such scenario calls for vigorous public health action.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                2019
                : 35
                : 6
                : e00065618
                Affiliations
                [2] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                [1] Vitória Espírito Santo orgnameUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo Brazil
                [3] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2019000705013
                10.1590/0102-311x00065618
                31291419
                db6aac1c-87b2-4707-92c3-33eff01546c6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 April 2018
                : 13 March 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                Índice de Massa Corporal,Prevalência,Sobrepeso,Obesidade,Autorrelato,Body Mass Index,Prevalence,Overweight,Obesity,Self Report,Índice de Masa Corporal,Prevalencia,Autoinforme,Obesidad

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