For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
8
views
42
references
 Top references
cited by
14
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      354
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Concurrent and Simultaneous Use of Cannabis and Tobacco and Its Relationship with Academic Achievement amongst University Students

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The combined use of cannabis and tobacco is frequent in Europe. Few studies have nonetheless explored this pattern of consumption and its relationship with academic achievement in Spanish population. The aim of the present study was to analyze (1) the frequency of four patterns of polydrug use the last year (non-dual users of cannabis and tobacco; concurrent users: cannabis and tobacco separately; simultaneous users: tobacco in cannabis “joints”; simultaneous users: tobacco in cannabis joints alongside alcohol) by gender and age; (2) grade point average (GPA) by gender and age; (3) the association between the frequency of the four patterns of use and the GPA amongst a sample of 477 Spanish university students. The use of cannabis and tobacco (concurrent and simultaneous) and GPA were assessed by means of self-reported questionnaires. Statistically significant differences were found for the GPA with respect to gender. The GPA by the non-dual users of cannabis and tobacco was significantly higher than the GPA corresponding to the concurrent and simultaneous users. The combined use of cannabis and tobacco, regardless of the type of use (concurrent or simultaneous), is moderately related to poor academic achievement amongst university students.

          Related collections

          Most cited references42

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The co-occurring use and misuse of cannabis and tobacco: a review.

          Michael T. Lynskey, Arpana Agrawal, Alan Budney (2012)
            Cannabis and tobacco use and misuse frequently co-occur. This review examines the epidemiological evidence supporting the life-time co-occurrence of cannabis and tobacco use and outlines the mechanisms that link these drugs to each other. Mechanisms include (i) shared genetic factors; (ii) shared environmental influences, including (iii) route of administration (via smoking), (iv) co-administration and (v) models of co-use. We also discuss respiratory harms associated with co-use of cannabis and tobacco, overlapping withdrawal syndromes and outline treatment implications for co-occurring use.   Selective review of published studies.   Both cannabis and tobacco use and misuse are influenced by genetic factors, and a proportion of these genetic factors influence both cannabis and tobacco use and misuse. Environmental factors such as availability play an important role, with economic models suggesting a complementary relationship where increases in price of one drug decrease the use of the other. Route of administration and smoking cues may contribute to their sustained use. Similar withdrawal syndromes, with many symptoms in common, may have important treatment implications. Emerging evidence suggests that dual abstinence may predict better cessation outcomes, yet empirically researched treatments tailored for co-occurring use are lacking.   There is accumulating evidence that some mechanisms linking cannabis and tobacco use are distinct from those contributing to co-occurring use of drugs in general. There is an urgent need for research to identify the underlying mechanisms and harness their potential etiological implications to tailor treatment options for this serious public health challenge. © 2012 The Authors, Addiction © 2012 Society for the Study of Addiction.
          Article 0 comments Cited 131 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Cannabis use and educational achievement: findings from three Australasian cohort studies.

            L John Horwood, David M. Fergusson, Mohammad Hayatbakhsh … (2010)
            The associations between age of onset of cannabis use and educational achievement were examined using data from three Australasian cohort studies involving over 6000 participants. The research aims were to compare findings across studies and obtain pooled estimates of association using meta-analytic methods. Data on age of onset of cannabis use (<15, 15-17, never before age 18) and three educational outcomes (high school completion, university enrolment, degree attainment) were common to all studies. Each study also assessed a broad range of confounding factors. There were significant (p<.001) associations between age of onset of cannabis use and all outcomes such that rates of attainment were highest for those who had not used cannabis by age 18 and lowest for those who first used cannabis before age 15. These findings were evident for each study and for the pooled data, and persisted after control for confounding. There was no consistent trend for cannabis use to have greater effect on the academic achievement of males but there was a significant gender by age of onset interaction for university enrolment. This interaction suggested that cannabis use by males had a greater detrimental effect on university participation than for females. Pooled estimates suggested that early use of cannabis may contribute up to 17% of the rate of failure to obtain the educational milestones of high school completion, university enrolment and degree attainment. Findings suggest the presence of a robust association between age of onset of cannabis use and subsequent educational achievement. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
            Article 0 comments Cited 72 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Patterns of simultaneous polysubstance use in drug using university students.

              Robert Pihl, Christine Darredeau, Michael P. Barrett (2006)
              Simultaneous polysubstance use (SPU) is a common phenomenon, yet little is known about how various substances are used with one another. In the present study 149 drug-using university students completed structured interviews about their use of various substances. For each substance ever used, participants provided details about the type, order and amount of all substances co-administered during its most recent administration. Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis were frequently co-administered with each other and with all other substances. Chi-squared tests revealed that when alcohol was used in combination with any of cannabis, psilocybin, MDMA, cocaine, amphetamine, methylphenidate (ps < 0.01) or LSD (p < 0.05) its initial use preceded the administration of the other substance. Paired samples t-tests revealed that when alcohol was used with cocaine (p < 0.01) or methylphenidate (p < 0.05) it was ingested in greater quantities than when used in their absence. Patterns of cannabis use were not systematically related to other substances administered. Finally, using one-sample t-tests, tobacco use was demonstrated to be increased relative to 'sober' smoking rates when used with alcohol, cannabis, psilocybin, MDMA, cocaine, amphetamine (ps < 0.001), LSD (p < 0.01) or methylphenidate (p < 0.05). Results suggest that many substances are routinely used in a SPU context and that the pattern in which a substance is used may be related to other substances co-administered. Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
              Article 0 comments Cited 60 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Behav Sci (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Behav Sci (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): behavsci
                Title: Behavioral Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2076-328X
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 March 2018
                Publication date Collection: March 2018
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 31
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Departament of Physical Therapy, Campus of Salt, EUSES—University of Girona (UdG), Carrer Francesc Macià, 65, 17190 Salt, Girona, Spain
                [2 ]Department of Psychology, University of Girona (UdG), Plaça Sant Domènec, 9, 17004 Girona, Spain; eugenia.gras@ 123456udg.edu (M.E.G.); silvia.font@ 123456udg.edu (S.F.-M.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: olga.hernandez@ 123456cadscrits.udg.edu or ohernandez@ 123456euses.cat ; Tel.: +34-972-405-130
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-7049
                Article
                Publisher ID: behavsci-08-00031
                DOI: 10.3390/bs8030031
                PMC ID: 5867484
                PubMed ID: 29494479
                SO-VID: db144f6e-7425-4f75-93ed-a3fd129eb924
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 28 December 2017
                Date accepted : 23 January 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: academic achievement,tobacco,cannabis,polydrug use,concurrent use,simultaneous use,university students
                Data availability:
                Keywords: academic achievement, tobacco, cannabis, polydrug use, concurrent use, simultaneous use, university students

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content354

                See all similar

                Cited by14

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors422

                See all reference authors