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      Two dominant genes in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) complementarily encode perfect resistance to Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus

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          Abstract

          Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus ( Furovirus) is a damaging pathogen of wheat and barley. This virus can survive in the soil for several decades, so the deployment of resistant cultivars represents the only practical control measure. Here, a genetic analysis has identified two regions of the barley genome—one on chromosome 2H and the other on chromosome 3H—as harboring gene(s) encoding resistance to this virus. The joint presence of both loci, termed Jmv1 and Jmv2, made the plants essentially immune, with resistance being dominant over susceptibility at each locus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus is not closely related to the type Furovirus species Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus. There was a difference between the RNA1- and RNA2-based phylogenies of the virus species in Furovirus implying the independent segregation of the virus subgenomes.

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          Most cited references45

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          Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data

          Motivation: Although many next-generation sequencing (NGS) read preprocessing tools already existed, we could not find any tool or combination of tools that met our requirements in terms of flexibility, correct handling of paired-end data and high performance. We have developed Trimmomatic as a more flexible and efficient preprocessing tool, which could correctly handle paired-end data. Results: The value of NGS read preprocessing is demonstrated for both reference-based and reference-free tasks. Trimmomatic is shown to produce output that is at least competitive with, and in many cases superior to, that produced by other tools, in all scenarios tested. Availability and implementation: Trimmomatic is licensed under GPL V3. It is cross-platform (Java 1.5+ required) and available at http://www.usadellab.org/cms/index.php?page=trimmomatic Contact: usadel@bio1.rwth-aachen.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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            The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools

            Summary: The Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format is a generic alignment format for storing read alignments against reference sequences, supporting short and long reads (up to 128 Mbp) produced by different sequencing platforms. It is flexible in style, compact in size, efficient in random access and is the format in which alignments from the 1000 Genomes Project are released. SAMtools implements various utilities for post-processing alignments in the SAM format, such as indexing, variant caller and alignment viewer, and thus provides universal tools for processing read alignments. Availability: http://samtools.sourceforge.net Contact: rd@sanger.ac.uk
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              The Genome Analysis Toolkit: a MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data.

              Next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) projects, such as the 1000 Genomes Project, are already revolutionizing our understanding of genetic variation among individuals. However, the massive data sets generated by NGS--the 1000 Genome pilot alone includes nearly five terabases--make writing feature-rich, efficient, and robust analysis tools difficult for even computationally sophisticated individuals. Indeed, many professionals are limited in the scope and the ease with which they can answer scientific questions by the complexity of accessing and manipulating the data produced by these machines. Here, we discuss our Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK), a structured programming framework designed to ease the development of efficient and robust analysis tools for next-generation DNA sequencers using the functional programming philosophy of MapReduce. The GATK provides a small but rich set of data access patterns that encompass the majority of analysis tool needs. Separating specific analysis calculations from common data management infrastructure enables us to optimize the GATK framework for correctness, stability, and CPU and memory efficiency and to enable distributed and shared memory parallelization. We highlight the capabilities of the GATK by describing the implementation and application of robust, scale-tolerant tools like coverage calculators and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling. We conclude that the GATK programming framework enables developers and analysts to quickly and easily write efficient and robust NGS tools, many of which have already been incorporated into large-scale sequencing projects like the 1000 Genomes Project and The Cancer Genome Atlas.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Breed Sci
                Breed Sci
                jsbbs
                Breeding Science
                Japanese Society of Breeding
                1344-7610
                1347-3735
                December 2022
                13 December 2022
                : 72
                : 5
                : 372-382
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Tochigi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station , 1080 Kawaraya-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0002, Japan
                [2 ] Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
                [3 ] Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
                [4 ] Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University , 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
                [5 ] Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University , Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
                [6 ] Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS) , 202 Gongyebei Road, Licheng District, Ji’nan, 250100 Shandong, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author (e-mail: takao_komatsuda@ 123456kzc.biglobe.ne.jp )

                Communicated by Nils Stein

                Article
                JST.JSTAGE/jsbbs/22046 22046
                10.1270/jsbbs.22046
                9895801
                36776442
                db044029-038d-4f35-b689-e85c164ae18c
                Copyright © 2022 by JAPANESE SOCIETY OF BREEDING

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (BY) License (CC-BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 13 June 2022
                : 17 October 2022
                Categories
                Research Paper

                Animal agriculture
                soil-borne disease,furovirus,polymyxa graminis,qtl and genetic mapping,dominance

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