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      Avaliação da Técnica de Voltametria Linear para Determinação Quantitativa de Fase Sigma no Aço Inoxidável Duplex UNS S31803 Translated title: Linear Voltammetry Assessment to Quantitative Determination of the Sigma Phase in Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S31803

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          Abstract

          Resumo A precipitação de fases intermetálicas nos aços inoxidáveis duplex constitui um problema no que diz respeito à utilização destes materiais em determinadas faixas de temperatura, desta forma, fazem-se necessários métodos de quantificar, de forma não destrutiva, a presença de alterações microestruturais decorrentes de aporte térmico. Neste trabalho, ensaios eletroquímicos de voltametria linear, de tração e de microdureza Vickers foram realizados no aço inoxidável duplex UNS S31803 para avaliação da presença da fase intermetálica sigma na microestrutura do material. Amostras deste aço foram envelhecidas isotermicamente a 870 °C, em tempos de até 3600 segundos para induzir a precipitação de diferentes teores desta fase. Os ensaios de voltametria linear foram conduzidos em solução eletrolítica de 5% KOH, em uma célula eletroquímica de 3,3.10–6 m2 de área, com eletrodo de referência do tipo Calomelano Saturado e eletrodo auxiliar de fio de platina. Os resultados desta técnica apresentaram sensibilidade para detectar teores de fase sigma maior que 1% no material viabilizando sua aplicação como um Ensaio Não Destrutivo (END).

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Precipitation of intermetallic phases in duplex stainless steels constitute a problem regarding the use of such materials in certain temperature ranges, in this way, are necessary methods to quantify, non-destructively, the presence of microstructural changes due to thermal contribution. In this work, electrochemical tests of linear voltammetry, tensile and Vickers hardness were performed in duplex stainless steel UNS S31803 for evaluation of the intermetallic sigma phase presence in the microstructure of the material. Samples of this steel were isothermally aged at 870 °C for times up to 3600 seconds to induce the precipitation of different grades of this phase. Linear voltametry tests were conducted in 5% KOH electrolyte solution in an electrochemical cell 3.3.10-6 m2, with a reference electrode of the type Saturated Calomel and auxiliary electrode of platinum wire. The results of this technique showed sensitivity to detect sigma phase content greater than 1% in the material enabling its application as a Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).

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          Kinetics of sigma phase formation in a Duplex Stainless Steel

          This work determines the kinetics of sigma phase formation in UNS S31803 Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS), describing the phase transformations that occur in isothermal aging between 700 and 900 ºC for time periods up to 1032 hours, allowing the determination of the Time-Temperature-Precipitation (TTP) diagram for sigma phase and proposing a model to predict the kinetics of sigma phase formation using a Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) type expression. The higher kinetics of sigma phase formation occurs at 850 ºC. However, isothermal aging between 700 and 900 ºC for time periods up to 1032 hours are not sufficient to the establishment of thermodynamic equilibrium. Activation energy for both nucleation and growth of sigma phase is determined (185 kJ.mol-1) and its value is equivalent to the activation energy for Cr diffusion in ferrite, indicating that diffusion of Cr is probably the major thermally activated process involved in sigma phase formation. The determined JMA type expression presents good fit with experimental data between 700 and 850 ºC.
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            Magnetic detection of sigma phase in duplex stainless steel UNS S31803

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              Ultrasound, eddy current and magnetic Barkhausen noise as tools for sigma phase detection on a UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                si
                Soldagem & Inspeção
                Soldag. insp.
                Associação Brasileira de Soldagem (São Paulo )
                1980-6973
                September 2015
                : 20
                : 3
                : 333-346
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Paraná Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Paraná Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S0104-92242015000300333
                10.1590/0104-9224/SI2004.03
                daf95b03-83cd-4553-b16e-c42b2e845496

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-9224&lng=en
                Categories
                METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

                General engineering
                Duplex steel,Deleterious phases,Sigma phase,Linear voltammetry,s: Aço duplex,Fases deletérias,Fase sigma,Voltametria linear

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