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      Tetraploid European paeonies (Paeonia) show a homogeneous karyotype asymmetry and structure

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          Abstract

          Within a practical course of cytotaxonomy organized in Pisa (Italy) on February 2024 by the Group for Floristics, Systematics and Evolution of the Italian Botanical Society, we tested whether relevant differences in karyotype asymmetry and structure occur in four tetraploid European taxa from Paeonia sect. Paeonia (P. mascula subsp. russoi, P. officinalis subsp. huthii, P. officinalis subsp. italica, and P. peregrina). Our results point towards a homogeneous karyotype asymmetry and structure among studied tetraploid species, with no statistically significant difference among taxa and high overlap in variation highlighted by PCA.

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          Chloroplast DNA phylogeny, reticulate evolution, and biogeography of Paeonia (Paeoniaceae).

          T Sang, D. Crawford, T Stuessy (1997)
          The coding region of the mat K gene and two intergenic spacers, psb A-trn H and trn L(UAA)-trn F(GAA), of cpDNA were sequenced to study phylogenetic relationships of 32 Paeonia species. In the psb A-trn H intergenic spacer, short sequences bordered by long inverted repeats have undergone inversions that are often homoplasious mutations. Insertions/deletions found in the two intergenic spacers, mostly resulting from slipped-strand mispairing, provided relatively reliable phylogenetic information. The mat K coding region, evolving more rapidly than the trnL-trn F spacer and more slowly than the psb A-trn H spacer, produced the best resolved phylogenetic tree. The mat K phylogeny was compared with the phylogeny obtained from sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. A refined hypothesis of species phylogeny of section Paeonia was proposed by considering the discordance between the nuclear and cpDNA phylogenies to be results of hybrid speciation followed by inheritance of cpDNA of one parent and fixation of ITS sequences of another parent. The Eurasian and western North American disjunct distribution of the genus may have resulted from interrruption of the continuous distribution of ancestral populations of extant peony species across the Bering land bridge during the Miocene. Pleistocene glaciation may have played an important role in triggering extensive reticulate evolution within section Paeonia and shifting distributional ranges of both parental and hybrid species.
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            A critical review and a new proposal of karyotype asymmetry indices

            B. Paszko (2006)
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              Karyotype asymmetry: again, how to measure and what to measure?

              Lorenzo Peruzzi, Halil E. Eroğlu (2013)
              Abstract One of the most popular, cheap and widely used approaches in comparative cytogenetics – especially by botanists – is that concerning intrachromosomal and interchromosomal karyotype asymmetry. Currently, there is no clear indication of which method, among the many different ones reported in literature, is the most adequate to infer karyotype asymmetry (especially intrachromosomal), above all in view of the criticisms recently moved to the most recent proposal published. This work addresses a critical review of the methods so far proposed for estimation of karyotype asymmetry, using both artificial and real chromosome datasets. It is shown once again how the concept karyotype of asymmetry is composed by two kinds of estimation: interchromosomal and intrachromosomal asymmetries. For the first one, the use of Coefficient of Variation of Chromosome Length, a powerful statistical parameter, is here confirmed. For the second one, the most appropriate parameter is the new Mean Centromeric Asymmetry, where Centromeric Asymmetry for each chromosome in a complement is easily obtained by calculating the difference of relative lengths of long arm and short arm. The Coefficient of Variation of Centromeric Index, strongly criticized in recent literature, is an additional karyological parameter, not properly connected with karyotype asymmetry. This shows definitively what and how to measure to correctly infer karyotype asymmetry, by proposing to couple two already known parameters in a new way. Hopefully, it will be the basic future reference for all those scientists dealing with cytotaxonomy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Lorenzo Peruzzi: (View ORCID Profile)
                Jacopo Franzoni: (View ORCID Profile)
                Giulio Barone: (View ORCID Profile)
                Elisabetta Bianchi: (View ORCID Profile)
                Fabio Mondello: (View ORCID Profile)
                Manuela Porrovecchio: (View ORCID Profile)
                Giovanni Rivieccio: (View ORCID Profile)
                Eugenia Siccardi: (View ORCID Profile)
                Adriano Stinca: (View ORCID Profile)
                Alessio Tei: (View ORCID Profile)
                Manuel Tiburtini: (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Title: Italian Botanist
                Abbreviated Title: IB
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Electronic): 2531-4033
                Publication date Created: October 02 2024
                Publication date (Electronic): October 02 2024
                Volume: 18
                Pages: 51-57
                Article
                DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.18.135403
                SO-VID: da719cc1-8854-4f83-9bd2-1d2aa5cc75c8
                Copyright © © 2024
                License:

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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