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      Estadística de la cirugía de trauma en México en el siglo XIX Translated title: Statistics of trauma surgery in Mexico in the 19th century

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Los casos de trauma históricamente han sido una entidad que ha requerido de manera constante atención por el cirujano a través de la historia en todas las culturas, pero, en la forma que se han explicado por medio de la estadística a partir del siglo XIX en nuestro país, se ha logrado dar una visión cuantitativa a fin de resolver dicho problema. Aunque la estadística médica nació con el inicio de las actividades de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de México en 1864, los primeros artículos que usaron este medio matemático son del médico australiano Frederich Semeleder (1832-1901) en 1878, de tipo médico no traumático y referentes a quistes ováricos. Los primeros trabajos con descripción cuantitativa surgieron gracias al Dr. Manuel Soriano (1837-1927) en 1886 en la misma revista de la Academia Nacional, y describían la escasa mortalidad con el uso de antisepsia en heridos de una batalla. Al hacer la revisión de tesis y artículos, podemos afirmar que el trauma a finales del siglo XIX en nuestro país se dio predominantemente en jóvenes de 25 a 35 años y fueron por secuelas de lesiones de trauma cortante por tranvías o lesiones por arma punzocortante (79% de los casos) con una mortalidad de 41%.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Historically, trauma cases have been a constant in all cultures, but in the way that has been explained through statistics from the 19th century in our country, it has been possible to give a quantitative vision to solve this problem. Although medical statistics was born with the beginning of the activities of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico in 1864, the first statistical articles are of a non-traumatic medical type by that of the Australian physician Frederich Semeleder (1832-1901) in 1878, referring to ovarian cysts. One of the first with a quantitative description was that of Dr. Manuel Soriano (1837-1927) in 1886 in the same journal of the National Academy, describing the low mortality with the use of antisepsis in battle wounded. Making a review of theses and articles, we can affirm that the trauma at the end of the 19th century in our country occurred predominantly in young people between 25 and 35 years old, they were due to the sequelae of injuries of cutting trauma caused by trams and injuries by sharp weapons (79% of cases) with a mortality of 41%.

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          Traumatic injury in the United States: In-patient epidemiology 2000-2011.

          Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States (US). This analysis describes trends and annual changes in in-hospital trauma morbidity and mortality; evaluates changes in age and gender specific outcomes, diagnoses, causes of injury, injury severity and surgical procedures performed; and examines the role of teaching hospitals and Level 1 trauma centres in the care of severely injured patients.
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            Management of fractures of the humerus in Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome: an historical review.

            Fractures of the humerus have challenged medical practitioners since the beginning of recorded medical history. In the earliest known surgical text, The Edwin Smith Papyrus (copied circa 1600 BC), three cases of humeral fractures were described. Reduction by traction followed by bandaging with linen was recommended. In Corpus Hippocraticum (circa 440-340 BC), the maneuver of reduction was fully described: bandages of linen soaked in cerate and oil were applied followed by splinting after a week. In The Alexandrian School of Medicine (third century BC), shoulder dislocations complicated with fractures of the humerus were mentioned and the author discussed whether the dislocation should be reduced before or after the fracture. Celsus (25 BC-AD 50) distinguished shaft fractures from proximal and distal humeral fractures. He described different fracture patterns, including transverse, oblique, and multifragmented fractures. In Late Antiquity, complications from powerful traction or tight bandaging were described by Paul of Aegina (circa AD 625-690). Illustrations from sixteenth and seventeenth century surgical texts are included to show the ancient methods of reduction and bandaging. The richness of written sources points toward a multifaceted approach to the diagnosis, reduction, and bandaging of humeral fracture in Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
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              Orthopedic surgery in ancient Egypt

              Background — Ancient Egypt might be considered the cradle of medicine. The modern literature is, however, sometimes rather too enthusiastic regarding the procedures that are attributed an Egyptian origin. I briefly present and analyze the claims regarding orthopedic surgery in Egypt, what was actually done by the Egyptians, and what may have been incorrectly ascribed to them. Methods — I reviewed the original sources and also the modern literature regarding surgery in ancient Egypt, concentrating especially on orthopedic surgery. Results — As is well known, both literary sources and the archaeological/osteological material bear witness to treatment of various fractures. The Egyptian painting, often claimed to depict the reduction of a dislocated shoulder according to Kocher’s method, is, however, open to interpretation. Therapeutic amputations are never depicted or mentioned in the literary sources, while the specimens suggested to demonstrate such amputations are not convincing. Interpretation — The ancient Egyptians certainly treated fractures of various kinds, and with varying degrees of success. Concerning the reductions of dislocated joints and therapeutic amputations, there is no clear evidence for the existence of such procedures. It would, however, be surprising if dislocations were not treated, even though they have not left traces in the surviving sources. Concerning amputations, the general level of Egyptian surgery makes it unlikely that limb amputations were done, even if they may possibly have been performed under extraordinary circumstances.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cg
                Cirujano general
                Cir. gen
                Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía General A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                1405-0099
                September 2021
                : 43
                : 3
                : 205-210
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad de Guadalajara Mexico
                [1] orgnameInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social orgdiv1Hospital General de Zona No. 50 orgdiv2Escuela de Medicina Mexico
                Article
                S1405-00992021000300205 S1405-0099(21)04300300205
                10.35366/108576
                d9ca2a2b-ea14-430b-9b73-c0dd75931e16

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 September 2022
                : 28 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Historia, ética y filosofía

                surgery,bioestadística,amputaciones,trauma,historia,cirugía,biostatistics,amputations,history

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