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      Gut Resistome of Preschool Children After Prolonged Mass Azithromycin Distribution: A Cluster-randomized Trial

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          Abstract

          We evaluated the gut resistome of children from communities treated with 10 twice-yearly azithromycin distributions. Although the macrolide resistance remained higher in the azithromycin arm, the selection of non-macrolide resistance observed at earlier time points did not persist. Longitudinal resistance monitoring should be a critical component of mass distribution programs.

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          NCT02047981

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          The global distribution and spread of the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1

          Ruobing Wang, Lucy van Dorp, Liam P. Shaw … (2018)
          Colistin represents one of the few available drugs for treating infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. As such, the recent plasmid-mediated spread of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 poses a significant public health threat, requiring global monitoring and surveillance. Here, we characterize the global distribution of mcr-1 using a data set of 457 mcr-1-positive sequenced isolates. We find mcr-1 in various plasmid types but identify an immediate background common to all mcr-1 sequences. Our analyses establish that all mcr-1 elements in circulation descend from the same initial mobilization of mcr-1 by an ISA pl1 transposon in the mid 2000s (2002–2008; 95% highest posterior density), followed by a marked demographic expansion, which led to its current global distribution. Our results provide the first systematic phylogenetic analysis of the origin and spread of mcr-1, and emphasize the importance of understanding the movement of antibiotic resistance genes across multiple levels of genomic organization.
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            MEGARes: an antimicrobial resistance database for high throughput sequencing

            Steven Lakin, Chris Dean, Noelle Noyes … (2016)
            Antimicrobial resistance has become an imminent concern for public health. As methods for detection and characterization of antimicrobial resistance move from targeted culture and polymerase chain reaction to high throughput metagenomics, appropriate resources for the analysis of large-scale data are required. Currently, antimicrobial resistance databases are tailored to smaller-scale, functional profiling of genes using highly descriptive annotations. Such characteristics do not facilitate the analysis of large-scale, ecological sequence datasets such as those produced with the use of metagenomics for surveillance. In order to overcome these limitations, we present MEGARes (https://megares.meglab.org), a hand-curated antimicrobial resistance database and annotation structure that provides a foundation for the development of high throughput acyclical classifiers and hierarchical statistical analysis of big data. MEGARes can be browsed as a stand-alone resource through the website or can be easily integrated into sequence analysis pipelines through download. Also via the website, we provide documentation for AmrPlusPlus, a user-friendly Galaxy pipeline for the analysis of high throughput sequencing data that is pre-packaged for use with the MEGARes database.
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              Gut microbiome alteration in MORDOR I: a community-randomized trial of mass azithromycin distribution

              T. Doan, A. Hinterwirth, L. Worden … (2019)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Clin Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): cid
                Title: Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
                Publisher: Oxford University Press (US )
                ISSN (Print): 1058-4838
                ISSN (Electronic): 1537-6591
                Publication date Collection: 01 October 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 May 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 26 May 2021
                Volume: 73
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 1292-1295
                Affiliations
                [1 ]The Carter Center , Niamey, Niger
                [2 ]Ministry of Health , Niamey, Niger
                [3 ]Programme National de Santé Oculaire , Niamey, Niger
                [4 ]Francis I Proctor Foundation, Universit of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
                [5 ]Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
                [6 ]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
                [7 ]Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence: T. Doan, 490 Illinois St, Fl 2, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA ( Thuy.Doan@ 123456ucsf.edu ).
                Article
                Publisher ID: ciab485
                DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab485
                PMC ID: 8492121
                PubMed ID: 34037753
                SO-VID: d9085ff0-1a31-4688-9a41-6f5766d13d00
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 01 March 2021
                Date: 17 May 2021
                Date: 15 July 2021
                Page count
                Pages: 4
                Funding
                Funded by: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, DOI 10.13039/100000865;
                Funded by: National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health;
                Award ID: K08EY026986
                Funded by: Peierls Foundation;
                Funded by: Research to Prevent Blindness Career Development Award;
                Funded by: Research to Prevent Blindness, DOI 10.13039/100001818;
                Categories
                Subject: Brief Reports
                Subject: AcademicSubjects/MED00290

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: azithromycin,antibiotic resistance,gut resistome,mass drug distribution,niger,preschool children
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: azithromycin, antibiotic resistance, gut resistome, mass drug distribution, niger, preschool children

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