Diamond-Like Carbon Depositing on the Surface of Polylactide Membrane for Prevention of Adhesion Formation During Tendon Repair

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Highlights

The anti-adhesion effect of polylactic acid (PLA) membrane with diamond-like carbon (DLC) depositing is 44.72%, enhanced by 23.11% compared to PLA.
DLC deposited on PLA membranes has been shown to effectively reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species, leading to a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines within peritendinous adhesion tissue.
DLC decelerates PLA biodegradation and lactic production, which reduces the number of CD68 ⁺CD206 ⁺ macrophages within peritendinous adhesion tissue.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-024-01392-7.

Abstract

Post-traumatic peritendinous adhesion presents a significant challenge in clinical medicine. This study proposes the use of diamond-like carbon (DLC) deposited on polylactic acid (PLA) membranes as a biophysical mechanism for anti-adhesion barrier to encase ruptured tendons in tendon-injured rats. The results indicate that PLA/DLC composite membrane exhibits more efficient anti-adhesion effect than PLA membrane, with histological score decreasing from 3.12 ± 0.27 to 2.20 ± 0.22 and anti-adhesion effectiveness increasing from 21.61% to 44.72%. Mechanistically, the abundant C=O bond functional groups on the surface of DLC can reduce reactive oxygen species level effectively; thus, the phosphorylation of NF-κB and M1 polarization of macrophages are inhibited. Consequently, excessive inflammatory response augmented by M1 macrophage-originated cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) is largely reduced. For biocompatibility evaluation, PLA/DLC membrane is slowly absorbed within tissue and displays prolonged barrier effects compared to traditional PLA membranes. Further studies show the DLC depositing decelerates the release of degradation product lactic acid and its induction of macrophage M2 polarization by interfering esterase and PLA ester bonds, which further delays the fibrosis process. It was found that the PLA/DLC membrane possess an efficient biophysical mechanism for treatment of peritendinous adhesion.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-024-01392-7.

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Most cited references 71

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The properties and applications of nanodiamonds.

Vadym Mochalin, Olga Shenderova, Dean Ho … (2011)

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Photo-illuminated diamond as a solid-state source of solvated electrons in water for nitrogen reduction.

Di Zhu, Linghong Zhang, Rose Ruther … (2013)

The photocatalytic reduction of N₂ to NH₃ is typically hampered by poor binding of N₂ to catalytic materials and by the very high energy of the intermediates involved in this reaction. Solvated electrons directly introduced into the reactant solution can provide an alternative pathway to overcome such limitations. Here we demonstrate that illuminated hydrogen-terminated diamond yields facile electron emission into water, thus inducing reduction of N₂ to NH₃ at ambient temperature and pressure. Transient absorption measurements at 632 nm reveal the presence of solvated electrons adjacent to the diamond after photoexcitation. Experiments using inexpensive synthetic diamond samples and diamond powder show that photocatalytic activity is strongly dependent on the surface termination and correlates with the production of solvated electrons. The use of diamond to eject electrons into a reactant liquid represents a new paradigm for photocatalytic reduction, bringing electrons directly to reactants without requiring molecular adsorption to the surface.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Hongqi Chen: hqchen08@163.com

Yaozhong Zhang: zhangragnar@sjtu.edu.cn

Shen Liu: liushensjtu@sjtu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanomicro Lett

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanomicro Lett

Title: Nano-Micro Letters

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore (Singapore )

ISSN (Print): 2311-6706

ISSN (Electronic): 2150-5551

Publication date (Electronic): 30 April 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 30 April 2024

Publication date Collection: December 2024

Volume: 16

Electronic Location Identifier: 186

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, ( https://ror.org/0220qvk04) 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China

[2 ]GRID grid.412793.a, ISNI 0000 0004 1799 5032, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, ; 389 Xincun Rd, Shanghai, 200065 People’s Republic of China

[3 ]Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ( https://ror.org/0220qvk04) Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China

[4 ]Orthopedic Trauma Department, Belarus Republic Scientific and Practical Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics, ( https://ror.org/04m0x6q45) Kizhevatova str., 60/4, 220024 Minsk, Belarus

[5 ]Shanghai Haohai Biological Technology Limited Liability Company, 1386 Hongqiao Rd, Shanghai, 200336 People’s Republic of China

[6 ]Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, ( https://ror.org/0220qvk04) 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China

[7 ]Shanghai Key Laboratory for High Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ( https://ror.org/0220qvk04) Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China

Article

Publisher ID: 1392

DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01392-7

PMC ID: 11061095

PubMed ID: 38687411

SO-VID: d890420d-45d8-4eaa-8add-25fc49871fae

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 23 December 2023

Date accepted : 8 March 2024

Custom metadata

Keywords: diamond-like carbon,reactive oxygen species scavenging,foreign body reaction,biodegradation,antioxidant,peritendinous adhesion

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Keywords: diamond-like carbon, reactive oxygen species scavenging, foreign body reaction, biodegradation, antioxidant, peritendinous adhesion

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Diamond-Like Carbon Depositing on the Surface of Polylactide Membrane for Prevention of Adhesion Formation During Tendon Repair

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Most cited references 71

The properties and applications of nanodiamonds.

Photo-illuminated diamond as a solid-state source of solvated electrons in water for nitrogen reduction.

Size- and shape-dependent foreign body immune response to materials implanted in rodents and non-human primates

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Cited by 3

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