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      Amorphous breast calcifications: is BI-RADS 4a appropriate? Translated title: Calcificações amorfas mamárias: BI-RADS 4a é adequado?

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of amorphous calcifications and to analyze the imaging variables that could alter the risk of malignancy associated with this finding.

          Materials and Methods

          This was a retrospective study of 138 stereotactically guided percutaneous vacuum-assisted biopsies of amorphous calcifications, performed between January 2012 and December 2017. All of the patients included were referred for radiological follow-up for a minimum of one year (if the histopathology showed a benign lesion) or for surgical treatment (if the histopathology showed malignancy or a lesion of uncertain malignant potential).

          Results

          We found that the PPV of amorphous calcifications was 9.42%. However, most of the malignant amorphous calcifications were in cases of invasive carcinoma or high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, indicating clinically relevant disease. The relative risk of malignancy associated with amorphous calcifications was 6.15 times higher in patients with a family or personal history of breast or ovarian cancer. Neither being postmenopausal nor having dense breasts was found to be predictive of malignancy in patients with amorphous calcifications.

          Conclusion

          Amorphous calcifications in the breast had a PPV for malignancy of 9.42%, indicating the possibility of placing the finding in subcategory 4a, which requires histopathological analysis. Our finding that the risk of malignancy associated with this subtype of calcifications is up to 6.15 times higher in patients with a family or personal history of breast cancer warrants greater concern regarding the clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic correlations after biopsy.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo

          Avaliar o valor preditivo positivo (VPP) das calcificações amorfas e possíveis variáveis clínicas e de imagem que possam influenciar no risco de malignidade deste achado de imagem.

          Materiais e Métodos

          Foram revisados, retrospectivamente, 138 resultados de biópsias percutâneas estereotáxicas a vácuo de calcificações amorfas, entre janeiro de 2012 e dezembro de 2017. Todas as pacientes incluídas apresentavam seguimento radiológico mínimo de um ano (histopatológico benigno) ou tratamento cirúrgico (histopatológico maligno).

          Resultados

          O VPP das calcificações amorfas foi de 9,42%. As lesões malignas corresponderam predominantemente a carcinomas invasivos, indicando doença clinicamente relevante. O risco relativo de malignidade das calcificações amorfas foi 6,15 vezes maior em pacientes com história familiar ou pessoal de neoplasia de mama ou ovário. Status pós-menopausa e mamas densas não foram preditores de malignidade nessas pacientes.

          Conclusão

          As calcificações amorfas na mama apresentaram VPP de malignidade de 9,42%, sugerindo possibilidade de classificação do achado na subcategoria 4a, com necessidade de investigação histopatológica. Em pacientes com história familiar ou pessoal de câncer de mama, o risco de malignidade deste subtipo de calcificações pode ser até 6,15 vezes maior, justificando maior preocupação na correlação clínica, radiológica e histopatológica após biópsia.

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          Most cited references17

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          The positive predictive value of BI-RADS microcalcification descriptors and final assessment categories.

          The purpose of this article is to retrospectively assess the likelihood of malignancy of microcalcifications according to the BI-RADS descriptors in a digital mammography environment. The study included 146 women with calcifications who underwent imaging-guided biopsy between April 2005 and July 2006. Digital mammograms procured before biopsy were analyzed independently by two breast imaging subspecialists blinded to biopsy results. Lesions described discordantly were settled by consensus. One of the radiologists provided a BI-RADS final assessment score. The overall positive predictive value of biopsies was 28.8%. The individual morphologic descriptors predicted the risk of malignancy as follows: fine linear/branching, 16 (70%) of 23 cases; fine pleomorphic, 14 (28%) of 50 cases; coarse heterogeneous, two (20%) of 10 cases; amorphous, 10 (20%) of 51 cases; and typically benign, zero (0%) of 12 cases. Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact testing showed statistical significance among morphology descriptors (p < 0.001) and distribution descriptors (p < 0.001). The positive predictive value for malignancy according to BI-RADS assessment categories were as follows: category 2, 0%; category 3, 0%; category 4A, 13%; category 4B, 36%; category 4C, 79%; and category 5, 100%. BI-RADS morphology and distribution descriptors can aid in assessing the risk of malignancy of microcalcifications detected on full-field digital mammography. The positive predictive value increased in successive BI-RADS categories (4A, 4B, and 4C), verifying that subdivision provides an improved assessment of suspicious microcalcifications in terms of likelihood of malignancy.
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            Calcification retrieval at stereotactic, 11-gauge, directional, vacuum-assisted breast biopsy.

            To determine the frequencies of calcification retrieval and histologic underestimates at stereotactic, 11-gauge, directional, vacuum-assisted breast biopsy. Retrospective review of records revealed 112 calcific lesions in 80 women (aged 31-85 years) who underwent stereotactic, 11-gauge, directional, vacuum-assisted biopsy; a mean of 14 specimens per lesion were obtained. Calcification retrieval was defined as identification of calcifications on radiographs of specimens. Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) underestimates were lesions that yielded ADH at stereotactic biopsy and carcinoma at surgery. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) underestimates were lesions that yielded DCIS at stereotactic biopsy and infiltrating carcinoma at surgery. Mammograms, stereotactic images, radiographs of specimens, and histologic findings were reviewed. Stereotactic, 11-gauge, directional, vacuum-assisted biopsy removed all calcifications in 51 (46%) lesions, some calcifications in 55 (49%) lesions, and no calcifications in six (5%) lesions. Failure to retrieve calcifications was significantly more likely in lesions 5 mm or smaller (12% [five of 43] vs 1% [one of 69], P = .03), in calcifications with amorphous morphology (21% [three of 14] vs 3% [three of 98], P < .03), or if the probe was fired outside the breast (12% [five of 40] vs 1% [one of 72], P = .02). Surgery revealed DCIS in one (10%) of 10 lesions that yielded ADH at stereotactic biopsy. Surgery revealed infiltrating carcinoma in one (5%) of 21 lesions that yielded DCIS at stereotactic biopsy. No underestimation occurred when all calcifications were removed. Stereotactic, 11-gauge, directional, vacuum-assisted biopsy resulted in successful calcification retrieval in 106 (95%) of 112 cases. Histologic underestimation was infrequent.
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              • Article: not found

              Breast microcalcifications: The lesions in anatomical pathology

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Radiol Bras
                Radiol Bras
                rb
                Radiologia Brasileira
                Publicação do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem
                0100-3984
                1678-7099
                Mar-Apr 2023
                Mar-Apr 2023
                : 56
                : 2
                : 75-80
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dra. Tatiane Mendes Gonçalves de Oliveira. HCFMRP-USP – Centro de Ciências das Imagens e Física Médica. Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 2º andar, Vila Monte Alegre. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, 14049-900. Email: tatim@ 123456hcrp.usp.br .
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-2616
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-7584
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7555
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-2121
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2146-6593
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6592-8959
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4457-3524
                Article
                10.1590/0100-3984.2022.0085-en
                10165973
                d87b8454-9db9-447f-b5ca-5c48cfcfd6d7

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 20 August 2022
                : 30 September 2022
                Categories
                Original Article

                breast neoplasms,calcinosis/diagnostic imaging,calcinosis/pathology,biopsy/methods,neoplasias da mama,calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem,calcinose/patologia,biópsia/métodos

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