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      Crisoles y moldes en Los Nogales: Estudio tecnológico de cerámicas metalúrgicas del Período Tardío en el valle del Aconcagua, Chile Central Translated title: Crucibles and moulds from Los Nogales: Technological study of technical ceramics from the Late Period in the Aconcagua Valley, Central Chile

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          Abstract

          Resumen: La expansión del Tawantinsuyu en el valle del Aconcagua (Chile central) fue culturalmente mediada y evitando la coerción militar, lo que derivó en distintas formas de aceptación, resistencia y aculturación. En este contexto, son casi inexistentes los estudios que discutan cómo este proceso se manifestó en la tecnología metalúrgica del Período Tardío (ca. 1400-1530 DC). Presentamos los resultados del estudio tecnológico sobre un conjunto de crisoles y moldes encontrados en el valle del Aconcagua y asociados a piezas metálicas hechas en base a cobre, utilizando microscopía óptica, petrografía, SEM-EDS, XRD y FTIR. Nuestros resultados indican que las materias primas utilizadas fueron rocas ígneas obtenidas de depósitos probablemente locales, mezcladas con pequeñas cantidades de arcillas tipo esmectitas-montmorillonitas. En el caso de los moldes, estos además contenían hueso molido como antiplástico. Todas las cerámicas fueron cubiertas con una pasta de hueso puro para mejorar su refractariedad. Las temperaturas de cocción se estimaron entre 800 y 850 °C para los moldes y superior a los 900 °C para los crisoles. La morfología y tecnología utilizada sugieren que una tradición tecnológica originada en el Noroeste Argentino fue introducida al valle del Aconcagua y aceptada por ciertas comunidades locales durante la expansión del Tawantinsuyu.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: The spread of the Tawantinsuyu in the Aconcagua Valley (Central Chile) is thought to have been culturally mediated, avoiding military coercion, and thus leading to different forms of cultural acceptance, resistance or hybridisation. However, very few studies have discussed how this process is reflected in the metallurgical production during the Late Period (ca. AD 1400-1530). The result of a technological study on a group of crucibles and moulds from Los Nogales (Aconcagua valley), using optical microscopy, petrography, SEM-EDS, XRD and FTIR is presented here. Results indicate that the raw materials used were local igneous rocks obtained from alluvial deposits, mixed with small amounts of smectite-montmorillonite clay. Moulds also contained bone ash as temper. Firing temperatures were estimated between 800-850 ºC for moulds and above 900 ºC for crucibles. Their manufacture technology and morphology indicate that these technical ceramics were made following a technological tradition originated in northwest Argentina that was introduced to the Aconcagua valley during the expansion of the Tawantinsuyu, and accepted by local communities.

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          Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite crystals: a review study on the analytical methods.

          For the synthesis of hydroxyapatite crystals from aqueous solutions three preparation methods were employed. From the experimental processes and the characterization of the crystals it was concluded that aging and precipitation kinetics are critical for the purity of the product and its crystallographic characteristics. The authentication details are presented along with the results from infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron photographs, and chemical analysis. Analytical data for several calcium phosphates were collected from the literature, extensively reviewed, and the results were grouped and presented in tables to provide comparison with the data obtained here. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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              Technological examination of Neolithic-Bronze Age pottery from central and southeast Europe and from the Near East

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eatacam
                Estudios atacameños
                Estud. atacam.
                Universidad Católica del Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P. Gustavo Le Paige (San Pedro de Atacama, , Chile )
                0718-1043
                2021
                : 67
                : 8
                Affiliations
                [2] Aconcagua orgnameCIEM CHILE daniel.pavlovic@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] orgnameUniversity of Cambridge orgdiv1Department of Archaeology United Kingdom m.martinon-torres@ 123456arch.cam.ac.uk
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Antropología Chile tereplazacalonge@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0718-10432021000100203 S0718-1043(21)06700000203
                10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2021-0008
                d7ec7236-dfad-4303-b55c-f98bd711a2c3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 June 2020
                : 21 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 102, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Arqueología

                petrography,SEM-EDS,petrografía,Período Tardío,XRD,metallurgy,Late Period,metalurgia

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