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      Evaluation of Rhophilin Associated Tail Protein (ROPN1L) in the Human Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini for Diagnostic Approach

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          Abstract

          Tegumental and excretory-secretory proteins are reported as diagnostic antigens for human opisthorchiasis. Rhophilin associated tail protein1-like (OvROPN1L) protein of Opisthorchis viverrini sperm tail showed potential as a diagnostic antigen. The OvROPN1L recombinant fragments were assayed for diagnostic antigenicity for human opisthorchiasis using indirect ELISA. The strongest antigenic region was a N-terminus peptide of M1 - P56. One synthetic peptide (P1, L3-Q13) of this region showed the highest antigenicity to opisthorchiasis. Sera from other parasitic infections including Strongyloides stercoralis, hookworm, Taenia spp, minute intestinal flukes, Paragonimus spp showed lower reactivity to P1. Peptide P1 is located in the disordered N-terminus of ROPN1L supporting its suitability as linear epitope. In the Platyhelminthes the N-terminal sequence of ROPN1L is diverging with taxonomic distance further suggesting that peptide P1 has potential as diagnostic tool in the genus Opisthorchis/ Clonorchis. It should be further evaluated in combination with peptides derived from other O. viverrini antigens to increase its diagnostic power.

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          Loss of R2D2 proteins ROPN1 and ROPN1L causes defects in murine sperm motility, phosphorylation, and fibrous sheath integrity.

          E Fiedler, Evan Carr, Tejasvi Dudiki … (2013)
          The fibrous sheath (FS) is a flagellar cytoskeletal structure unique to sperm that surrounds the outer dense fibers and axoneme. Its primary components are A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) 3 and 4, which suggests that the FS affects flagellar beating via the scaffolding of signaling pathways necessary for motility. Sperm proteins ROPN1 and ROPN1L bind AKAP3. To determine the role of ROPN1 and ROPN1L in sperm function, we created mice deficient in ROPN1 (RKO), mice deficient in ROPN1L (RLKO), and double knockout mice (DKO). All three strains of mice had normal testicular morphology and spermatogenesis. Only the DKOs had obvious defects in sperm morphology (thinning and shredding of the principal piece), which was accompanied by a reduction in AKAP3 levels. RLKO mice had slightly reduced sperm motility and increased levels of ROPN1. RKO mice had moderately impaired motility and increased levels of ROPN1L. DKO sperm were immotile. We have previously determined that RKO male mice are subfertile, and DKO males are infertile. Together these data indicate that ROPN1L and ROPN1 compensate for each other in the absence of the opposing protein, possibly to maintain AKAP3 incorporation in the FS. Sperm from mice lacking ROPN1L exhibited reductions in both cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylation of a 270-kDa protein (perhaps FSCB), and in capacitation-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. Sperm from mice lacking ROPN1 had reduced levels of FSCB and increased tyrosine phosphorylation of noncapacitated sperm. These data demonstrate that mutations in ROPN1 and ROPN1L can cause defects in FS integrity, sperm motility, and PKA-dependent signaling processes, leading to male infertility.
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            Modeling the bound conformation of Pemphigus Vulgaris-associated peptides to MHC Class II DR and DQ Alleles

            Joo Tong, Jeff Bramson, Darja Kanduc … (2006)
            Background Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies directed against desmoglein-3 (Dsg3), involving specific DR4 and DR6 alleles in Caucasians and DQ5 allele in Asians. The development of sequence-based predictive algorithms to identify potential Dsg3 epitopes has encountered limited success due to the paucity of PV-associated allele-specific peptides as training data. Results In this work we constructed atomic models of ten PV associated, non-associated and protective alleles. Nine previously identified stimulatory Dsg3 peptides, Dsg3 96–112, Dsg3 191–205, Dsg3 206–220, Dsg3 252–266, Dsg3 342–356, Dsg3 380–394, Dsg3 763–777, Dsg3 810–824 and Dsg3 963–977, were docked into the binding groove of each model to analyze the structural aspects of allele-specific binding. Conclusion Our docking simulations are entirely consistent with functional data obtained from in vitro competitive binding assays and T cell proliferation studies in DR4 and DR6 PV patients. Our findings ascertain that DRB1*0402 plays a crucial role in the selection of specific self-peptides in DR4 PV. DRB1*0402 and DQB1*0503 do not necessarily share the same core residues, indicating that both alleles may have different binding specificities. In addition, our results lend credence to the hypothesis that the alleles DQB1*0201 and *0202 play a protective role by binding Dsg3 peptides with greater affinity than the susceptible alleles, allowing for efficient deletion of autoreactive T cells.
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              Diagnosis of parasitic infections: what's going on?

              Alessandra Ricciardi, Momar Ndao (2015)
              Methods for the diagnosis of parasitic infections have stagnated in the past three decades. Labor-intensive methods such as microscopy still remain the mainstay of several diagnostic laboratories. There is a need for more rapid tests that do not sacrifice sensitivity and that can be used in both clinical settings as well as in poor resource field settings. The fields of diagnostic medical parasitology, treatment, and vaccines are undergoing dramatic change. In recent years, there has been tremendous effort to focus research on the development of newer diagnostic methods focusing on serological, molecular, and proteomic approaches. This article examines the various diagnostic tools that are being used in clinical laboratories, optimized in reference laboratories, and employed in mass screening programs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Korean J Parasitol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Korean J. Parasitol
                Title: The Korean Journal of Parasitology
                Publisher: The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine
                ISSN (Print): 0023-4001
                ISSN (Electronic): 1738-0006
                Publication date (Print): August 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 August 2020
                Volume: 58
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 475-479
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
                [2 ]Sysmex Co., Ltd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
                [3 ]Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6904-0682
                Article
                Publisher ID: kjp-58-4-475
                DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.475
                PMC ID: 7462799
                PubMed ID: 32871643
                SO-VID: d7d5933b-8d38-4723-a887-99df56624513
                Copyright © Copyright © 2020 by The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 24 December 2020
                Date revision received : 29 July 2020
                Date accepted : 29 July 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Brief Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology
                Keywords: opisthorchiasis,diagnosis,rhophilin associated tail protein1-like,peptide,epitope
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology
                Keywords: opisthorchiasis, diagnosis, rhophilin associated tail protein1-like, peptide, epitope

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