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      Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in patients with subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review

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          Summary

          Introduction

          Non-specific low back pain (NLBP) is a common and clinically significant condition with substantial socioeconomic implications. Whole-body vibration therapy (WBVT) has shown effectiveness in improving pain and sensorimotor function (e.g., in osteoporosis) in previous studies. However, studies had heterogeneous settings. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of WBVT on pain, function, proprioception, and postural stability in patients with subacute and chronic NLBP.

          Methods

          A systematic literature search was conducted in the scientific databases PubMed, EMBASE, and PEDro (from inception until 17.05.2023). Only prospective controlled and uncontrolled studies were included. Outcome measures assessed were pain intensity, function (activities of daily living and physical function), proprioception, and postural stability.

          Results

          A total of 12 original articles ( n = 821) were included in the analysis. Ten of the studies were randomized controlled trials, one study had a crossover design, and one study had a one-group pre–post study design. The studies compared WBVT vs. no intervention, WBVT vs. basic physical therapy, WBVT vs. core stabilization exercises with and without respiratory resistance, WBVT vs. lumbar extension exercises, and WBVT vs. whole body electromyostimulation training. The treatment approaches varied in terms of duration (2–18 weeks), frequency (2–3 times per week, two applications with a 2-week break), vibration frequency (5–30 Hz), type of exercises (WBVT with or without static or dynamic exercises), and vibration direction (horizontal and vertical). Significant pain reduction was observed in all 10 studies that investigated pain levels. Significant improvement in daily activity function was reported in five of the six studies that investigated daily function, while improvement in physical function was observed in all four studies that investigated physical function. Improvement in proprioception was reported in all three studies that investigated proprioception, and significant improvement in postural stability was observed in four out of six studies that investigated postural stability. No adverse events or side effects related to WBVT were reported.

          Conclusion

          The majority of the included studies demonstrated significant pain reduction, improvement in physical and daily functioning, and enhanced proprioception. Improvement in postural stability was less consistent. WBVT appears to be a safe and effective treatment modality for subacute and chronic NLBP when used within a multimodal approach. Future research should focus on standardized settings including assessment methods, treatment regimens, frequencies, and intensities.

          Zusammenfassung

          Hintergrund

          Der primäre unspezifische untere Rückenschmerz (NLBP) ist eine häufig auftretende und klinisch bedeutende Erkrankung mit erheblichen sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen. Die Ganzkörper-Vibrationstherapie (WBVT) hat sich bei unterschiedlichen Indikationen zur Verbesserung von Schmerz und Sensomotorik (z. B. Osteoporose) in bis dato sehr heterogenen Studiensettings als wirksam erwiesen. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Auswirkungen der WBVT auf Schmerz, Funktion, Propriozeption und posturale Stabilität bei Patienten mit subakutem und chronischem unspezifischem unterem Rückenschmerz zu bewerten.

          Methoden

          Es wurde eine systematische Literatursuche in den wissenschaftlichen Datenbanken PubMed, EMBASE und PEDro (von Gründung bis 17.05.2023) durchgeführt. Es wurden nur prospektive kontrollierte und unkontrollierte Studien eingeschlossen. Zielparameter waren Schmerzintensität, Funktion, Propriozeption und posturale Stabilität.

          Ergebnisse

          In die Analyse wurden insgesamt 12 Originalarbeiten ( n = 821) eingeschlossen. Davon waren 10 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien, eine Cross-over-Studie und eine Prä-post-Studie ohne Kontrollgruppe. In den Studien erfolgte der Vergleich von WBVT vs. keine Maßnahme, WBVT vs. Bewegungstherapie mit allgemeinen körperlichen Übungen, WBVT vs. rumpfstabilisierende Übungen mit und ohne Atemwegswiderstand, WBVT vs. lumbale Extensionsübungen und WBVT vs. Ganzkörper-Elektromyostimulation. Die Behandlungsansätze variierten in Bezug auf die Dauer (2–18 Wochen), Häufigkeit (2- bis 3‑mal/Woche, 2 Anwendungen mit einer 2‑wöchigen Pause), Vibrationsfrequenz (5–30 Hz), Art der Übungen (WBVT mit oder ohne statische oder dynamische Übungen), und Vibrationsrichtung (horizontal und vertikal). In allen 10 Studien, die die Schmerzintensität untersuchten, wurde eine signifikante Schmerzreduktion festgestellt. In 5 von 6 Studien, die die tägliche Funktion untersuchten, wurde über eine signifikante Verbesserung der täglichen Aktivitäten berichtet, während in allen 4 Studien, die die körperliche Funktion untersuchten, eine signifikante Verbesserung festgestellt wurde. In allen 3 Studien, die die Propriozeption untersuchten, wurde über eine signifikante Verbesserung berichtet. In 4 von 6 Studien, die die posturale Stabilität untersuchten, wurde eine Verbesserung festgestellt. Es wurden keine Nebenwirkungen oder unerwünschten Ereignisse im Zusammenhang mit der WBVT berichtet.

          Schlussfolgerung

          Die Mehrheit der eingeschlossenen Studien ergab eine signifikante Schmerzreduktion, Verbesserung der körperlichen Funktion sowie eine verbesserte Propriozeption. Die Verbesserung der posturalen Stabilität war weniger konsistent. Daher scheint die Ganzkörper-Vibrationstherapie in Verbindung mit einem multimodalen Ansatz eine sichere und wirksame Behandlung zu sein.

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          Most cited references33

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          The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

          The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.
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            Non-specific low back pain.

            Non-specific low back pain affects people of all ages and is a leading contributor to disease burden worldwide. Management guidelines endorse triage to identify the rare cases of low back pain that are caused by medically serious pathology, and so require diagnostic work-up or specialist referral, or both. Because non-specific low back pain does not have a known pathoanatomical cause, treatment focuses on reducing pain and its consequences. Management consists of education and reassurance, analgesic medicines, non-pharmacological therapies, and timely review. The clinical course of low back pain is often favourable, thus many patients require little if any formal medical care. Two treatment strategies are currently used, a stepped approach beginning with more simple care that is progressed if the patient does not respond, and the use of simple risk prediction methods to individualise the amount and type of care provided. The overuse of imaging, opioids, and surgery remains a widespread problem.
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              The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic review

              Objective This review aimed to determine if the use of the patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) model as a search strategy tool affects the quality of a literature search. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), Scopus, and the National Library of Medicine (NLM) catalog up until January 9, 2017. Reference lists were scrutinized, and citation searches were performed on the included studies. The primary outcome was the quality of literature searches and the secondary outcome was time spent on the literature search when the PICO model was used as a search strategy tool, compared to the use of another conceptualizing tool or unguided searching. Results A total of 2,163 records were identified, and after removal of duplicates and initial screening, 22 full-text articles were assessed. Of these, 19 studies were excluded and 3 studies were included, data were extracted, risk of bias was assessed, and a qualitative analysis was conducted. The included studies compared PICO to the PIC truncation or links to related articles in PubMed, PICOS, and sample, phenomenon of interest, design, evaluation, research type (SPIDER). One study compared PICO to unguided searching. Due to differences in intervention, no quantitative analysis was performed. Conclusions Only few studies exist that assess the effect of the PICO model vis-a-vis other available models or even vis-a-vis the use of no model. Before implications for current practice can be drawn, well-designed studies are needed to evaluate the role of the tool used to devise a search strategy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
                Wien Med Wochenschr
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                0043-5341
                1563-258X
                November 24 2023
                Article
                10.1007/s10354-023-01026-4
                d7d13f18-c57a-4da8-bc2c-7288da9a957f
                © 2023

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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