The photoluminescence mechanism in carbon dots (graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots): current state and future perspective

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The properties and applications of nanodiamonds.

Vadym Mochalin, Olga Shenderova, Dean Ho … (2011)

Nanodiamonds have excellent mechanical and optical properties, high surface areas and tunable surface structures. They are also non-toxic, which makes them well suited to biomedical applications. Here we review the synthesis, structure, properties, surface chemistry and phase transformations of individual nanodiamonds and clusters of nanodiamonds. In particular we discuss the rational control of the mechanical, chemical, electronic and optical properties of nanodiamonds through surface doping, interior doping and the introduction of functional groups. These little gems have a wide range of potential applications in tribology, drug delivery, bioimaging and tissue engineering, and also as protein mimics and a filler material for nanocomposites.

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Focusing on luminescent graphene quantum dots: current status and future perspectives.

Lingling Li, Gehui Wu, Guohai Yang … (2013)

To obtain graphene-based fluorescent materials, one of the effective approaches is to convert one-dimensional (1D) graphene to 0D graphene quantum dots (GQDs), yielding an emerging nanolight with extraordinary properties due to their remarkable quantum confinement and edge effects. In this review, the state-of-the-art knowledge of GQDs is presented. The synthetic methods were summarized, with emphasis on the top-down routes which possess the advantages of abundant raw materials, large scale production and simple operation. Optical properties of GQDs are also systematically discussed ranging from the mechanism, the influencing factors to the optical tunability. The current applications are also reviewed, followed by an outlook on their future and potential development, involving the effective synthetic methods, systematic photoluminescent mechanism, bandgap engineering, in addition to the potential applications in bioimaging, sensors, etc.

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The influence of edge structure on the electronic properties of graphene quantum dots and nanoribbons.

Kyle A. Ritter, Joseph W. Lyding (2009)

Graphene shows promise as a future material for nanoelectronics owing to its compatibility with industry-standard lithographic processing, electron mobilities up to 150 times greater than Si and a thermal conductivity twice that of diamond. The electronic structure of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and quantum dots (GQDs) has been predicted to depend sensitively on the crystallographic orientation of their edges; however, the influence of edge structure has not been verified experimentally. Here, we use tunnelling spectroscopy to show that the electronic structure of GNRs and GQDs with 2-20 nm lateral dimensions varies on the basis of the graphene edge lattice symmetry. Predominantly zigzag-edge GQDs with 7-8 nm average dimensions are metallic owing to the presence of zigzag edge states. GNRs with a higher fraction of zigzag edges exhibit a smaller energy gap than a predominantly armchair-edge ribbon of similar width, and the magnitudes of the measured GNR energy gaps agree with recent theoretical calculations.

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Journal

Title: Nano Research

Abbreviated Title: Nano Res.

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISSN (Print): 1998-0124

ISSN (Electronic): 1998-0000

Publication date Created: February 2015

Publication date (Print): February 2015

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Pages: 355-381

Article

DOI: 10.1007/s12274-014-0644-3

SO-VID: d70e0e19-bf62-42f5-a910-5cad1a4678a5

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