SEJARAH PELAKSANAAN HAK PEWARISAN PUSAKA DI ZAMAN JAHILIYYAH DAN ZAMAN PASCA ISLAM: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN

Abstract

Abstrak: Artikel ini membincangkan perbezaan hak pewarisan pusaka antara zaman Jahiliah dengan zaman pasca-Islam. Metodologi pengkajian dalam bentuk perbandingan. Kajian bertujuan untuk memahami secara menyeluruh dari aspek sejarah pelaksanaan hak pewarisan pusaka pada zaman Jahiliah dan zaman pasca-Islam dan mengukuhkan pembangunan maklumat tersebut secara sistematik dan objektif. Bentuk kajian menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu mengkaji fenomena masa lampau yang berlaku pada zaman Jahiliah dan zaman pasca-Islam dari aspek kaedah pelaksanaan hak pewarisan pusaka. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa hak pewarisan pusaka yang dilaksanakan selepas zaman pasca- Islam lebih menepati keadilan dan kesaksamaan berbanding zaman Jahiliah yang lebih berbentuk diskriminasi terutamanya dari aspek nasab dan hubungan melalui perkahwinan. Situasi yang berlaku antara dua zaman itu menunjukkan jurang pemisah yang amat ketara apabila ketetapan hak pewarisan pusaka zaman pasca-Islam yang lebih adil, lengkap dan sempurna sementara zaman Jahiliah berdasarkan akal fikiran yang terbatas dan tuntutan nafsu semata- mata menyebabkan berlaku kezaliman terutamanya golongan perempuan dan kanak-kanak. Kata kunci: Pusaka, Sejarah, Zaman Jahiliah pasca-Islam.   Abstract: This article  discusses  about  the  difference  between  the inheritance rights of heirs during the period of Jahiliah and after Islam. The study aims to comprehensively understand and    to systematically and objectively strengthen the development of information about the historical perspective of the implementation of inheritance rights of heirs during the period of Jahiliah (before Islam) and post-Islamic era. The study employs qualitative method by  exploring  the  old-time  phenomena  that  happened  during  the period of Jahiliah and after Islam in the implementation of inheritance rights. The research outcome shows that implementation of inheritance rights during the post-Islamic era brings more justice than during the period of Jahiliah which are more discriminative  in nature especially from the espect of marriage relationship. The situations happened during these two eras indicate the wide gap between them where the determination of inheritance rights during the post-Islamic era is more just and complete where as during the period of Jahiliah such determination was based on limited human thinking and desire which has led to injustise especially towards women and children.   Keywords: Inheritance, After Islam, History, The period of Jahiliah (before Islam).