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      Efeito de Idade e Escolaridade no Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve NEUPSILIN Translated title: Effect of age and schooling in the NEUPSILIN Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Instrument Translated title: Efecto de edad y escolaridad en Instrumento de Evaluación Neuropsicológica Breve NEUPSILIN

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          Abstract

          Resumo Neste estudo, investigaram-se efeitos de idade e escolaridade e suas interações no desempenho de adultos no Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve NEUPSILIN, que avalia orientação têmporo-espacial, atenção, percepção, memória, linguagem, calculias, praxias e funções executivas. Participaram 627 adultos saudáveis (19 a 90 anos), divididos em três grupos, conforme escolaridade (1 a 4, 5 a 8 e 9 anos ou mais de estudo) e em quatro grupos por idade (19 a 39, 40 a 59, 60 a 75 e 76 a 90 anos). Encontraram-se efeitos de idade e escolaridade em atenção, percepção, memória (de trabalho, verbal episódica, semântica, visual e prospectiva), linguagem oral e escrita, praxias e funções executivas. Interações entre idade e escolaridade foram encontradas em atenção, memória verbal, linguagem oral e escrita. Os resultados destacam que o envelhecimento e a escolaridade impactam de forma heterogênea nas funções cognitivas, assim como os testes neuropsicológicos brasileiros devem sempre considerar a influência dessas variáveis para produzir seus dados normativos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This study investigated the effects of age and schooling and their interactions on the performance of adults in the NEUPSILIN Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Instrument, which evaluates time and space orientation, attention, perception, memory, language, calculation, motor functions, and executive functions. The sample was composed of 627 healthy adults (19 to 90 years), who were divided into three groups according to education range (1 to 4, 5 to 8 and 9 or more years of study) and into four groups by age range (19-39, 40-59, 60-75 and 76-90 years). We identified age and schooling effects in attention, perception, memory (working, verbal episodic, semantic, visual and prospective memory), oral and written language, motor functions, and executive functions. Interactions between age and schooling were observed in attention, verbal memory, and oral and written language tasks. The results highlighted that aging and schooling impact cognitive functions heterogeneously, and that Brazilian neuropsychological tests should always consider the influence of these variables to produce their normative data.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen En este estudio se investigaron los efectos de edad y escolaridad, y las interacciones en el desempeño de adultos en el Instrumento de Evaluación Neuropsicológica Breve NEUPSILIN que evalúa la orientación espacio-temporal, atención, percepción, memoria, lenguaje, cálculos, prácticas y funciones ejecutivas. Participaron 627 adultos que gozaban de buena salud (19-90 años), divididos en tres grupos según el nivel educativo (1 a 4, 5 a 8 y 9 o más años de estudio) y cuatro grupos por edad (19 a 39, 40 a 59, 60 a 75 y 76 a 90 años). Se encontraron efectos de la edad y de educación en atención, percepción, memoria (de trabajo, episódica, semántica, visual y futura) lenguaje, oral y escrita, prácticas y funciones ejecutivas. Interacciones entre edad y escolaridad fueron encontradas en atención, memoria verbal, lenguaje oral y escrita. Los resultados destacan que el envejecimiento y la escolaridad impactan de forma heterogénea en las funciones cognitivas, y que los tests neuropsicológicos brasileños deben considerar siempre la influencia de estas variables para producir datos normativos.

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          Age-related changes in cortical blood flow activation during visual processing of faces and location.

          We examined age-related changes in object and spatial visual processing in two separate experiments. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in young and old subjects with positron emission tomography and H2(15)O during tests of face matching, location matching, and a control task. The task demands in the two experiments were identical, but the stimuli in Experiment II were constructed to equalize stimulus complexity across all three tasks. The old subjects performed more slowly than the young subjects in both experiments, and showed significantly slower reaction times during location matching compared to face matching in Experiment II. Both young and old subjects showed occipitotemporal rCBF activation during face matching and occipitoparietal activation during location matching when these conditions were compared to the control task. However, in both experiments and in both tasks, young subjects showed greater activation of prestriate cortex (Brodmann's area 18), and old subjects had larger rCBF increases in occipitotemporal cortex (area 37). Areas in prefrontal cortex, as well as in inferior and medial parietal cortex, were more activated in the old subjects during location matching in both experiments. These results demonstrate that reliable age-related changes during visual processing can be found in rCBF patterns, suggesting more efficient use of occipital visual areas by younger subjects and more reliance by older subjects on one or more cortical networks, particularly for spatial vision, perhaps to compensate for reduced processing efficiency of occipital cortex. Both the differentially increased reaction times and the more widespread prefrontal activation in the old subjects during location matching suggest that spatial vision may be affected to a greater degree by aging than is object vision.
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            “Mini-mental state.” A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician

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              Event-related potentials of emotional memory: encoding pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures.

              Emotional events tend to be remembered better than nonemotional events. We investigated this phenomenon by measuring two event-related potential (ERP) effects: the emotion effect (more positive ERPs for pleasant or unpleasant stimuli than for neutral stimuli) and the subsequent memory effect (more positive ERPs for subsequently remembered items than for subsequently forgotten items). ERPs were measured while subjects rated the emotional content of pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. As was expected, subsequent recall was better for pleasant and unpleasant pictures than for neutral pictures. The emotion effect was sensitive to arousal in parietal electrodes and to both arousal and valence in frontocentral electrodes. The subsequent memory effect at centroparietal electrodes was greater for emotional pictures than for neutral pictures during an early epoch (400-600 msec). This result suggests that emotional information has privileged access to processing resources, possibly leading to better memory formation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pusf
                Psico-USF
                Psico-USF
                Universidade de São Francisco, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                2175-3563
                June 2018
                : 23
                : 2
                : 319-332
                Affiliations
                [2] Canoas RS orgnameFundação Municipal de Saúde de Canoas Brasil
                [1] São Leopoldo Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Brazil
                [3] São Paulo SP orgnameVetor Editora Psico-Pedagógica Brasil
                [4] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [5] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                Article
                S1413-82712018000200319
                10.1590/1413-82712018230211
                d6da2ecd-189b-4f71-b4e2-886d62071636

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 May 2017
                : 25 February 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                cognition,cognição,cognición,neuropsicologia,educação,envelhecimento,neuropsychology,education,aging,neuropsicología,educación,envejecimiento

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