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      The Role of Myofibroblasts in Wound Healing, Contraction and its Clinical Implications in Cleft Palate Repair

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          Abstract

          Myofibroblasts after its discovery in 1971 as the principal cell for wound healing has come a long way as far as research is concerned. The primary focus of research has been regarding preventing certain unwanted effects of this cell such as wound contraction and scarring. As far as the oral and maxillofacial region is concerned, the primary concern of this untoward effect is during repair of cleft palate surgically which results impaired development of palate and the dentoalveolar structures. This review focuses on the basic aspects of myofibroblasts such as its origin, formation, function in wound healing, role in wound contraction and ways by which its unwanted effects can be overcome to improve the quality of the post surgical complications of cleft palate surgery.

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          Pericyte loss and microaneurysm formation in PDGF-B-deficient mice.

          P Lindahl, B R Johansson, P Levéen … (1997)
          Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B-deficient mouse embryos were found to lack microvascular pericytes, which normally form part of the capillary wall, and they developed numerous capillary microaneurysms that ruptured at late gestation. Endothelial cells of the sprouting capillaries in the mutant mice appeared to be unable to attract PDGF-Rbeta-positive pericyte progenitor cells. Pericytes may contribute to the mechanical stability of the capillary wall. Comparisons made between PDGF null mouse phenotypes suggest a general role for PDGFs in the development of myofibroblasts.
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            Presence of modified fibroblasts in granulation tissue and their possible role in wound contraction.

            G Gabbiani, G Ryan, G Majne (1971)
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              PDGF-A signaling is a critical event in lung alveolar myofibroblast development and alveogenesis.

              Hans Boström, Karen Willetts, Milos Pekny … (1996)
              A mouse platelet-derived growth factor A chain (PDGF-A) null allele is shown to be homozygous lethal, with two distinct restriction points, one prenatally before E10 and one postnatally. Postnatally surviving PDGF-A-deficient mice develop lung emphysema secondary to the failure of alveolar septation. This is apparently caused by the loss of alveolar myofibroblasts and associated elastin fiber deposits. PDGF alpha receptor-positive cells in the lung having the location of putative alveolar myofibroblast progenitors were specifically absent in PDGF-A null mutants. We conclude that PDGF-A is crucial for alveolar myofibroblast ontogeny. We have previously shown that PDGF-B is required in the ontogeny of kidney mesangial cells. The PDGFs therefore appear to regulate the generation of specific populations of myofibroblasts during mammalian development. The two PDGF null phenotypes also reveal analogous morphogenetic functions for myofibroblast-type cells in lung and kidney organogenesis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Int Oral Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Int Oral Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JIOH
                Title: Journal of International Oral Health : JIOH
                Publisher: Dentmedpub Research and Printing Co (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0976-7428
                ISSN (Electronic): 0976-1799
                Publication date (Print): March 2015
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 75-80
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
                [2 ]Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Sathyabama University Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
                [3 ]Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
                [4 ]Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Madha Dental College & Hospital, Kundrathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
                [5 ]Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, Kerala, India
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. Chitturi RT. Department of Oral Pathology, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. Phone: +91-9676767387, Email: dr.raviteja@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JIOH-7-75
                PMC ID: 4385733
                PubMed ID: 25878485
                SO-VID: d6d8e297-ca09-4f3a-9ae1-77af8615a851
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of International Oral Health
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 09 September 2014
                Date accepted : 28 December 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Keywords: cleft palate,complications of wound healing,factors affecting myofibroblasts,myofibroblasts,wound healing
                Data availability:
                Keywords: cleft palate, complications of wound healing, factors affecting myofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, wound healing

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