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      Application of platelet-rich plasma with stem cells in bone and periodontal tissue engineering

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , *
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Bone Research
      Publisher: Nature Publishing Group

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          Abstract

          Presently, there is a high paucity of bone grafts in the United States and worldwide. Regenerating bone is of prime concern due to the current demand of bone grafts and the increasing number of diseases causing bone loss. Autogenous bone is the present gold standard of bone regeneration. However, disadvantages like donor site morbidity and its decreased availability limit its use. Even allografts and synthetic grafting materials have their own limitations. As certain specific stem cells can be directed to differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage in the presence of growth factors (GFs), it makes stem cells the ideal agents for bone regeneration. Furthermore, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be easily isolated from whole blood, is often used for bone regeneration, wound healing and bone defect repair. When stem cells are combined with PRP in the presence of GFs, they are able to promote osteogenesis. This review provides in-depth knowledge regarding the use of stem cells and PRP in vitro, in vivo and their application in clinical studies in the future.

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          Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): what is PRP and what is not PRP?

          R Marx (2001)
          Article 0 comments Cited 249 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: historical overview and concepts.

            Pierre Charbord (2010)
            This review describes the historical emergence of the concept of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), summarizing data on Wolf and Trentin's hematopoietic inductive microenvironment; Dexter's hematopoiesis-supportive stromal cells; Friedenstein's osteogenic cells; and Pittenger's trilineal osteoblastic, chondrocytic, and adipocytic precursors; to finally introduce the specific bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with differentiation potential to four lineages (mesenchymal and vascular smooth muscle lineages), and stromal and immunomodulatory capacities. Two points are the object of detailed discussion. The first point envisions the stem cell attributes (multipotentiality, self-renewal, tissue regeneration, population heterogeneity, plasticity, and lineage priming) compared with that of the paradigmatic hematopoietic stem cell. In the second point, we discuss the possible existence of bone marrow cells with greater differentiation potential, eventually pluripotential cells. The latter point raises the issues of cell fusion, reprogramming, or selection under nonstandardized conditions of rare populations of neuroectodermal origin, or of cells that had undergone mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. In the last section, we review data on MSC senescence and possible malignant transformation secondary to extensive culture, gene transfer of telomerase, or mutations such as leading to Ewing's sarcoma. The set of data leads to the conclusion that bone marrow MSCs constitute a specific adult tissue stem cell population. The multiple characteristics of this stem cell type account for the versatility of the mechanisms of injured tissue repair. Although MSC administration may be extremely useful in a number of clinical applications, their transplantation is not without risks that must not be overlooked when developing cell therapy protocols.
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              Infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis.

              Yong-Gon Koh, Yun-Jin Choi (2012)
              The aim of the study was to determine if isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the infrapatellar fat pad could effectively improve clinical results when percutaneously injected into arthritic knees. Therapeutic case-control study; Level III. Twenty five stem cell injections combined with arthroscopic debridement were administered to patients with knee OA. A mean of 1.89 × 10(6) stem cells were prepared with approximately 3.0 mL of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and injected in the selected knees of patients in the study group. The mean Lysholm, Tegner activity scale, and VAS scores of patients in the study group improved significantly by the last follow-up visit. No major adverse events related to the injections were observed during the treatment and follow-up periods. The results were compared between the study and control groups, in which the patients had undergone arthroscopic debridement and PRP injection without stem cells. Although the preoperative mean Lysholm, Tegner activity scale, and VAS scores of the study group were significantly poorer than those of the control group, the clinical results at the last follow-up visit were similar and not significantly different between the two groups. The short-term results of our study are encouraging and demonstrate that infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSC therapy with intraarticular injections is safe, and provides assistance in reducing pain and improving function in patients with knee OA. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 140 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Bone Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Bone Res
                Title: Bone Research
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
                ISSN (Print): 2095-4700
                ISSN (Electronic): 2095-6231
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 December 2016
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Volume: 4
                Page: 16036
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, NY, USA
                [2 ]Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, NY, USA
                [3 ]Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: boneres201636
                DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.36
                PMC ID: 5153571
                PubMed ID: 28018706
                SO-VID: d6c28fa2-7a81-4328-bcf2-677f8ecd054f
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 The Author(s)
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 13 July 2016
                Date revision received : 19 August 2016
                Date accepted : 23 August 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

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