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      Deletion of Cdc42 in embryonic cardiomyocytes results in right ventricle hypoplasia

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          Abstract

          Background

          Cdc42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family and functions as a molecular switch in regulating cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity establishment. Inactivating Cdc42 in cardiomyocytes resulted in embryonic lethality with heart developmental defects, including ventricular septum defects and thin ventricle wall syndrome.

          Findings

          In this study, we have generated a Cdc42 cardiomyocyte knockout mouse line by crossing Cdc42/flox mice with myosin light chain 2a (MLC2a)-Cre mice. We found that the deletion of Cdc42 in embryonic cardiomyocytes resulted in an underdeveloped right ventricle. Microarray analysis and real-time PCR data analysis displayed that the deletion of Cdc42 decreased dHand expression level. In addition, we found evaginations in the ventricle walls of Cdc42 knockout hearts.

          Conclusion

          We concluded that Cdc42 plays an essential role in right ventricle growth.

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          Most cited references20

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          Making or breaking the heart: from lineage determination to morphogenesis.

          The cues governing cardiac cell-fate decisions, cardiac differentiation, and three-dimensional morphogenesis are rapidly being elucidated. Several themes are emerging that are relevant for childhood and adult heart disease and the growing field of stem cell biology. This review will consider our current understanding of cardiac cell-fate determination and cardiogenesis--largely derived from developmental studies in model organisms and human genetic approaches--and examine future implications for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of heart disease in the young and old.
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            The arterial pole of the mouse heart forms from Fgf10-expressing cells in pharyngeal mesoderm.

            Development of the arterial pole of the heart is a critical step in cardiogenesis, yet its embryological origin remains obscure. We have analyzed a transgenic mouse line in which beta-galactosidase activity is observed in the embryonic right ventricle and outflow tract of the heart and in contiguous splanchnic and pharyngeal mesoderm. The nlacZ transgene has integrated upstream of the fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) gene and comparison with the expression pattern of Fgf10 in pharyngeal mesoderm indicates transgene control by Fgf10 regulatory sequences. Dil labeling shows a progressive movement of cells from the pharyngeal arch region into the growing heart tube between embryonic days 8.25 and 10.5. These data suggest that arterial pole myocardium originates outside the classical heart field.
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              A genetic blueprint for cardiac development.

              Congenital heart disease is the leading non-infectious cause of death in children. It is becoming increasingly clear that many cardiac abnormalities once thought to have multifactorial aetiologies are attributable to mutations in developmental control genes. The consequences of these mutations can be manifest at birth as life-threatening cardiac malformations or later as more subtle cardiac abnormalities. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of cardiac development has important implications not only for understanding congenital heart disease, but also for the possibility of cardiac repair through genetic reprogramming of non-cardiac cells to a cardiogenic fate.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yang.Liu2@BSWHealth.org
                jwan22@medicine.tamhsc.edu
                shirleyli1220@gmail.com
                wangruino1@sina.com
                Binu.Tharakan@BSWHealth.org
                Shenyuan.Zhang@medicine.tamhsc.edu
                CTong@medicine.tamhsc.edu
                (254) 742-7176 , xpeng@medicine.tamhsc.edu
                Journal
                Clin Transl Med
                Clin Transl Med
                Clinical and Translational Medicine
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                2001-1326
                3 November 2017
                3 November 2017
                2017
                : 6
                : 40
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 4687 2082, GRID grid.264756.4, Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, , Texas A&M University, ; Temple, USA
                [2 ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
                [3 ]ISNI 0000000123704535, GRID grid.24516.34, Yangpu District Central Hospital, , Tongji University, ; Shanghai, China
                [4 ]Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
                [5 ]Internal Medicine/Cardiology Division, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-102X
                Article
                171
                10.1186/s40169-017-0171-4
                5670094
                29101495
                d63df5f0-aa9b-4bf8-acf2-eec32bcf86ec
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 4 October 2017
                : 17 October 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000968, American Heart Association;
                Award ID: 13BGIA14470002
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Short Report
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Medicine
                gtpase,cdc42,heart development,right ventricle development
                Medicine
                gtpase, cdc42, heart development, right ventricle development

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