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      Top Questions in Uncomplicated, Non– Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

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          Abstract

          The Infectious Diseases Society of America infection-specific guidelines provide limited guidance on the management of focal infections complicated by secondary bacteremias. We address the following 3 commonly encountered questions and management considerations regarding uncomplicated bacteremia not due to Staphylococcus aureus: the role and choice of oral antibiotics focusing on oral beta-lactams, the shortest effective duration of therapy, and the role of repeat blood cultures.

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          Most cited references64

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          Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS).

          Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant healthcare quality and patient safety issue in the twenty-first century that, combined with a rapidly dwindling antimicrobial armamentarium, has resulted in a critical threat to the public health of the United States. Antimicrobial stewardship programs optimize antimicrobial use to achieve the best clinical outcomes while minimizing adverse events and limiting selective pressures that drive the emergence of resistance and may also reduce excessive costs attributable to suboptimal antimicrobial use. Therefore, antimicrobial stewardship must be a fiduciary responsibility for all healthcare institutions across the continuum of care. This position statement of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society of America outlines recommendations for the mandatory implementation of antimicrobial stewardship throughout health care, suggests process and outcome measures to monitor these interventions, and addresses deficiencies in education and research in this field as well as the lack of accurate data on antimicrobial use in the United States.
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            The Surgical Infection Society Revised Guidelines on the Management of Intra-Abdominal Infection

            Previous evidence-based guidelines on the management of intra-abdominal infection (IAI) were published by the Surgical Infection Society (SIS) in 1992, 2002, and 2010. At the time the most recent guideline was released, the plan was to update the guideline every five years to ensure the timeliness and appropriateness of the recommendations.
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              Ceftolozane-tazobactam compared with levofloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary-tract infections, including pyelonephritis: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial (ASPECT-cUTI).

              Treatment of complicated urinary-tract infections is challenging due to rising antimicrobial resistance. We assessed the efficacy and safety of ceftolozane-tazobactam, a novel antibacterial with Gram-negative activity, in the treatment of patients with complicated lower-urinary-tract infections or pyelonephritis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Open Forum Infect Dis
                Open Forum Infect Dis
                ofid
                Open Forum Infectious Diseases
                Oxford University Press (US )
                2328-8957
                May 2018
                21 April 2018
                21 April 2018
                : 5
                : 5
                : ofy087
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmacy, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
                [2 ]Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
                [3 ]Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine & Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
                Author notes
                Correspondence: J. D. Sutton, PharmD, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84212 ( jesse.sutton@ 123456va.gov ).
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1476-1746
                Article
                ofy087
                10.1093/ofid/ofy087
                5952922
                d5e2d5ce-6f39-42c9-9fa8-76b48b7e9e49
                © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 13 February 2018
                : 18 April 2018
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Categories
                Top Questions in ID
                Editor's Choice

                bacteremia,oral antibiotics,duration of therapy,repeat blood cultures

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